英语B级考试语法

Vocabulary&Structure被动语态•语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。•ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动）•Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动）•许多人学英语。B级考试中常考：被动语态•一般现在时：be（am,is,are)+过去分词•一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词•一般将来时的被动语态：Will+be+过去分词•现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：Can/should/must/could/may+be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：Tobe+过去分词•Historyismadebythepeople.•TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.•Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture.•Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool.•Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet.•Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.牛刀小试1.Shedidn’treceivedtheapplicationform;it_____tothewrongaddress.A.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent2.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Idon’tlike______inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating3.Ifeelit’sagreathonorforme______tothisparty.A.toinvitedB.inviteC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention____tothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting.A.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavepaid.1.Thefinaldecision(make)_____bytheteamleaderearlynextweek.2.Wecanarrangeforyourcarto(repair)______withinareasonableperiodoftime.3.Allvisitorstothelab(expect)______totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.4.Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem(solve)_____atyesterday’smeeting.5.Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill(deliver)______toyoutomorrow.6.Thispicture(take)______byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth.7.Yesterday,thesecretary(give)______thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting.8.Thenewmachineoughtto(test)____beforeitisputtouse.9.Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwill(fine)______$50.虚拟语气subjectivemood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。•Weonlywishwecouldhelp.我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望）•Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。（表假想）•Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议)条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwouldhewould+动词原形theywould与过去事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I（we）shouldyouwould+havehewould+过去分词theywould与将来事实可能相反If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwould+动词原形hewouldtheywould•与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。•与过去事实相反Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。•与将来事实可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。虚拟语气的其他用法•用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在Itis（was)important(suggested,requested...)that...句型中•Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。•用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句“musthavedone”表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测•三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气•英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：•Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。•ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。1.Ican’tfindthekeytomyoffice,I____havelostitonmywayhome.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.oughtto2.IfI_____thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldn’thavebeenworriedaboutit.A.KnowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown3.IfIhadn’tattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,I_____toseeyou.A.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeD.hadcome4.Ifyouhadenoughmoney，what________？A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought5.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________，shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome1.ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary(start)_____thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2.Iftheengineer(come)_____hereyesterday,theproblemwouldhavebeensolved.3.Wedemandthatthetourguide(tell)____usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule.非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词。1.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.听到你的声音真高兴。2.Readingbooksmakesonewise.读书使人明智。3.ThisisabookwrittenbyBalzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。•Itisquitedifficultforme(decide)_____whoshouldbegiventhejob.•带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。•Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.•It’s+adjforsb.todosth.固定搭配1.Noreaderisallowed(take)_____anyreferencebookoutofthereading-room.2.Iwant(pointout)______thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce.3.Ifyourcreditisgood,youwillbeallowed(use)______thecreditcard.4.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.分词作状语•Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen_____adecisionaboutbuyingahouse.•A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.makingMake和逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try)_____topersuadehimtochangehismind.现在分词作目的状语，逻辑主语必须与主句相同。1.Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout_____acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Before_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapply3.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_____,peoplehavetopaymorefordrivingacar.A.togoupB.goingupC.goneupD.goup4.Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen______tobuyahouse.A.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplanned5.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin______thenewproduct.A.developB.todevelopingC.developedD.developing1.ThankyouforyourletterofApril15,(tell)_____usaboutMr.JohnBrown’svisittoourcompanyonMay10.2.Wearelookingforwardto(work)______wi