高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题

1主语和谓语的一致(Agreementbetweensubjectandverb)⒈Definition:主语要和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫主谓一致。⒉主谓一致包括三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。㈠语法一致原则：指用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。⑴介词短语with,aswellas,including,except,exceptfor,but,together,besides,ratherthan,alongwith,togetherwith等修饰主语时，谓语动词的数的形式与介词前面的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。e.g.I,alongwithmyparents,amafootballfan.Thegirlaswellasboyslikesplayingbasketball.⑵由each和every修饰的名词以及由every-,any-,some-,no-构成的复合代词都当作单数，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.Everyboyandeverygirlenjoystheholiday.Someoneiswaitingforyou.Everyoneishere.Everythingisready.⑶动名词（短语），不定式（短语）和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.Walkingonthemoonisverydifficult.Whathesaidiswrong.注：ⅰ.在用形式主语it的句中和在用it作主语的强调句中，谓语动词总用单数。e.g.Itisn’tobviouswhowillbethebest.ItwashewhotaughtusEnglishlastyear.ⅱ.what引导的主语从句，谓语一般用单数，但如果表示复数意义时谓语动词要用复数。e.g.Whatheleftmearesomeoldbooks.ⅲ.定语从句中谓语动词的单复数和先行词保持一致，但如果先行词受到oneof的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用复数，谓语动词受到theonly(very,last)oneof的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用单数。e.g.Hehassomebookswhichwereboughtyesterday.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.⑷manya+n.(单数)/morethanone+n.(单数)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Morethanonestudentlikesthepopularsong-FlyFreely.ManyaboyandmanyagirlhasbeentoBeijing.⑸anumberof,agood/greatmany,quiteafew,scoresof加可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动词用复数；alargeamountof,agreatdealof加不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,plentyof等后面如果接可数名词复数形式时，谓语用复数形式,如果接不可数名词时谓语动词用单数形式;amountsof…,massesof…,quantitiesof…,varietiesof无论后接什么名词，谓语动词都要用复数形式。2注：thenumberof+n.(pl.)谓语动词用单数形式。⑹分数和百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面名词的形式。e.g.Onethirdofthebooksareworthreading.20%ofthestudentsareabsenttoday.⑺kind/sort/type/form/series/speciesof+n.作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词的单复数而不是它们后面的名词。e.g.Thisnewtypeofbusesisnewonshow.(但Busesofthiskindarenewonshow.)Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.㈡意义一致原则：指在意义上，主语的单复数形式需要与谓语动词的单复数形式保持一致。有时主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数。⑴主语是thepeople,thepolice,thepublic,thecattle,theyouth等集体名词，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.⑵集体名词army,audience,enemy,family,committee,company,public,couple,group,staff,crew,team等，若作“整体”对待，谓语动词用单数形式，若着眼于其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Thecoupleistalkingwiththeirson.Theteamarecheeringfortheirsuccess.⑶主语是“the+adj.”表一类人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor,thewounded.e.g.theoldaretakencareofhere.⑷表时间、金钱、距离、温度、度量等复数名词作主语时，具有“整体”概念，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Twoyearsisenough.Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.⑸一些由两个相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,scissors等作主语时，如主语前有“一条”“一把”“一双”等量词修饰，则谓语动词用单数形式，如主语前是复数修饰语或没有修饰语，谓语用复数形式。e.g.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.TheshoesareTom’s.⑹以“-ics”和“-s”结尾的表学科的名词和不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。(news,plastics,wroks等)。e.g.Physicsisnoteasytolearn.Plasticsisakindofmatter.⑺两个名词由and或both…and…连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，但当and不表并列意义，连接两个在意义上表同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.MybrotherandIhavebothseenthefilm.BothriceandwheataregrowninChina.Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.Warandpeaceisalongthemeinhistory.⑻表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等的专有名词作主语，常作为整体看3待，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.⑼表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用，指整个民族，有多数的含义，谓语动词用复数形式，但表语言时用单数。e.g.TheFrencharebrave.Frenchisabeautifullanguage.⑽“a+单数名词+ortwo”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，但“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Adayortwohaspassed.Oneortwodayshavepassed.⑾两个主语，一个表肯定，另一个表否定，谓语动词的数与表肯定的主语一致。e.g.I,notyou,amtherightpersontodothework.⑿一些以复数形式出现的单复同形名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的单复形式要根据句子的具体含义来定，常见的这类以复数形式出现的单复同形词有：means(方法，手段),bellows(风箱，减压舱),species(种类),series(系列),works(工厂),barracks(兵营，营房),lazybones(懒骨头),headquarters(司令部),gallows(绞台),links(高尔夫球场).e.g.Onemeans\Everymeanshasbeentried.Allmeans\Suchmeansareunpleasant.⒀英语中有些单复数同形的名词是以单数形式出现的，这些词主要有下面几种：ⅰ.某些动物名称：sheep，deer等。ⅱ.以“-ese”或“-ss”结尾的国家名称：Chinses,Japanese,Swiss等。ⅲ.汉语音译的表示度量衡、货币等单位的名称：jin(斤),yuan(人民币元)等。ⅳ.craft(指船或飞机)，aircraft(飞机)等。注：有时此类动物名称加“-s”表示不同种类：e.g.twofish(同种)两条鱼twofishes两条不同的鱼㈢就近一致原则：指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式保持一致。⑴由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…连接的并列主语。e.g.EitherTomoryouaregoingtohelpus.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisenjoyingthefilm.⑵在therebe和herebe表“存在”的结构中，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。e.g.Thereisanapple,twobananasandsomeorangesontheplates.Herearemyanswerstoyourquestions.注：aswellas遵循就前一致原则(前面已有例句)Step3.Exercisesandhomework⒈【2006上海春季】Chinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsand_____newpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.A.formingB.toformC.tobeformingD.haveformed2.【2005全国Ⅱ】Whilewatchingtelevision,______.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellrings4C.weheardthedoorbellringingD.weheardthedoorbellrings3.【2005北京】Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andallexpense_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid4.【2005上海】ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking5.【2005上海】Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand____downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat6.【2005辽宁】Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,____intheclothingindustry.A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked7.【2005山东】Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodea