指纹识别算法研究

哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-I-指纹识别算法研究摘要随着计算机和网络的迅速发展，人们对身份认证的准确性、安全性与实用性提出了更高的要求。基于生物特征识别的智能身份认证技术也逐渐受到广泛的关注。在众多的生物识别技术中，指纹识别技术是发展最早、应用最广泛的一种。指纹识别技术充分利用了指纹的普遍性、唯一性和永久性的生物特征，已逐步取代了传统的基于标志和数字的识别方式，目前在网络、银行、金融、医疗和安检等行业均得到了广泛应用。本文对指纹识别系统的原理和基本过程进行了分析研究，重点研究了指纹图像预处理算法，并且进行了验证。在指纹图像预处理部分，论文对预处理的各个步骤包括规格化、图像分割、中值滤波、二值化、细化等以及各个步骤的方法进行了深入的分析和研究，选择了一种图像预处理方案。在指纹特征提取部分，采用基于Matlab实现的指纹细节特征提取方法，并给出了去伪算法。指纹特征提取是从细化后的指纹图中得到细节特征点（即端点和分叉点），此特征点含有大量的伪特征，既耗时又影响匹配精度。采用了边缘去伪和距离去伪，使得特征点去伪前后减小了近1/3，然后提取可靠特征点信息，以便实现指纹匹配。在指纹匹配部分，本文采用基于细节点的指纹匹配算法，并进行研究。关键词指纹识别；预处理；特征提取；匹配哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-II-FingerprintRecognitionAlgorithmAbstractWiththerapidProgressofcomputerscienceandnetworktechnique，Anaccurate，secureandpracticaltechno1ogyofPersonalidentificationbecomesmoreandmoreimportant.TechnologyofPersonalidentificationbasedonBiometricshasreceivedextensiveattention.TechnologyofFingerprintrecognitionistheearliestoneandisapp1iedwidelyinthealltechniquesofbiometricsrecognition,thenistakingfulladvantageoftheuniversality,uniquenessandpermanencyofthefingerprint,andgraduallyhastakenplaceoftraditionalidentificationmethodthatisbasedonsymbolandnumber.Nowadaysthetechnologyoffingerprintidentificationisfullyusedinnetwork,bank,finance,insuranceandsecurity.Thispaperresearchthebasicprinciplesandprocessofthefingerprintidentificationsystem，andfocusonthepre-processingalgorithmsoffingerprintimageandfinallyverify.Inthefingerprintimageprocessingsection,thesisonpreprocessingstepsincludingspecifications,imagesegmentation,medianfiltering,binarization,refinement,andsoon,andeachstepofthewaytoin-depthanalysisandresearch,isanimageprocessingprogram.Partofthefingerprintfeatureextraction,fingerprint-basedMatlabimplementationdetailsoffeatureextractionmethods,andgivestothepseudo-algorithm.Fingerprintfeatureextractionisrefinedtogetthedetailsoffingerprintfeaturepoints(theendpointandbifurcationpoints),thisfeaturepointscontainalargenumberoffalsefeatures,time-consumingandwillaffectthematchingaccuracy.Usedandthedistancetotheedgeofthefalseandcounterfeit,makesthefeaturepointstoreducethefalsefrontofnearly1/3,andthenextractareliablefeaturepointinformation,inordertoachievethefingerprintmatch.Partofthefingerprintmatch,thepaper-basedfingerprintminutiaematchingalgorithm,andconductresearch.KeywordsFingerprintrecognition;Pretreatment;Featureextraction;Matching哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文-III-目录摘要……...............................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................51.1指纹识别技术的背景...............................................................................51.2指纹识别研究的目的和意义...................................................................51.3指纹识别在国内外的研究现状及分析...................................................61.3.1国外研究现状....................................................................................61.3.2国内研究现状....................................................................................71.3.3研究现状分析....................................................................................71.4本文研究的主要内容及工作安排...........................................................81.4.1研究的主要内容................................................................................81.4.2工作安排............................................................................................8第2章指纹识别的组成及原理分析................................................................92.1指纹识别系统的组成...............................................................................92.2指纹识别的基本原理...............................................................................92.2.1指纹的基本特征................................................................................92.2.2全局特征............................................................................................92.2.3局部特征..........................................................................................112.2.4指纹识别的一般算法......................................................................132.3本章小结.................................................................................................14第3章指纹图像预处理..................................................................................153.1对指纹图像进行分割.............................................................................153.2对指纹图像进行二值化处理.................................................................163.3对指纹图像进行细化处理.....................................................................183.4实验结果.................................................................................................213.5本章小结.................................................................................................22第4章指纹图像特征提取与匹配..................................................................234.1指纹图像特征提取.................................................................................234.1.1指纹图像特征提取的方法......................