直接引语变间接引语的讲解

Directspeech直接引语Reportedspeech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一.原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语;二.用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语.１）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时Nowtodaytonightagoyesterdaylastnighttomorrownext…ThedayaftertomorrowThedaybeforeyesterday直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：thenThatdayThatnightBefore/earlier记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,these时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...地点状语here动词come“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.Theboysaid,”I’mreadingabook.”Directspeech直接引语Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermy记住：动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）一般现在时Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.”现在进行时Hesaid,“I'mwritingaletter.”一般将来时Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时→HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish.→Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday.注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。Hesays,“I’mnotgoodatmath.”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.注意：(1)如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go.(3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.Hesaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.26Icanspeakthreelanguages.Hesaidhecouldspeakthreelanguages.Whatdidhesay?IammadatMarcia.HesaidhewasmadatMarcia.Whatdidhesay?hewasgoodatplayingbasketball.Whatdidhesay?HesaidI’mgoodatplayingbasketball.2)特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序陈述语序疑问语序陈述语序“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeIwasdoing.what“WhydoyoulikeEnglish?”HeaskedmeIlikedEnglishwhy“Wheredoeshelive?”Sheaskedmehelived.where“Howdoesshegotoschool?”SheaskedmeShewenttoschool.how“Doyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeIknewhername.Whether/if是否Whendoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhenhehadmath.Summary(总结)1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语Doyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyouhavemath.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhehadmath.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaythepianoyoucanplaythepiano.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhecouldplaythepiano.1、直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：3、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:4、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语或地点状语一律不变：thisthatthesethose1.判断句型加连接词。2.语序。3.人称4.时态5.状语6.注意祈使句。Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导主语（said)that+句子（时态往过去推told2当直接引语是一般疑问句:用if引导whether主语（asked)if+一般疑问句(主谓结构）whether窍门（do/does/did去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主语后）3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what/where等）主语asked+what特殊疑问句（主谓）where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+toldsb(not)todosthaskedordered8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme______________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptotoldtonotaskedtellifthat1.Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme________________interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_________________buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme__________________born.4.“What’swrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme__________________with_____.5.Thegirlaskedme“Whathappened?”Thegirlaskedme__________________.Exercises:whyIwaswhenhewouldwhereIwaswhatwaswrongmewhathappened4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Don`ttalkinclass!”T