unit 3, Understanding science

UnitThree:UnderstandingScienceTextA:PublicAttitudestowardSciencePre-readingtask1:BrainstormingBrainstormsomeofthescientificandtechnologicalinventions.ScientificandtechnologicalinventionsE-mailComputerLaptopMobilephonecloningNuclearpowerGeneticengineeringnanotechnologyTelevisionElectricityInwhatwayhavescienceandtechnologychangedtheworldwelivein?Inwhatwaydoessciencechangeourlifefortheworse?Doalltheseinventionsalwayschangeourlifeforthebetter?Giveexamplestoexplainyouropinion.Howdoyoukeepinformedofthechangesinscienceandtechnology?Whatelsecanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience?changesforthebetter?changesfortheworse?TelevisionQuickandeasyaccesstoinformation,education,entertainment,etc.ExposechildrentoviolenceDeprivefamiliesofqualitytimeDeprivepeopleofthewilltocommunicatewitheachothercloningchangesforthebetter?changesfortheworse?EndangeredanimalsProducestrongeronesfarmersClonetheircowsandsheepwhocanproducemoremilkManClonereplacementorgansfortransplantpatientsClonehumanbeings?Hitlerorotherwarcriminalsorevilpeople?Pre-readingListentotherecordabouttheauthorStephenHawkingandthinkoverthefollowingquestions.1.WhoisStephenHawking?2.Whatquestionsinteresthim?3.Whatmakeshisachievementsoremarkable?4.Howdidhespeaktopeoplenow?1.WhoisStephenHawking?Heisperhapsthemostwell-knownscientistsinceEinstein.2.Whatquestionsinteresthim?Thebigquestions,suchasHowdidtheuniversebegin?Whyistheuniversethewayitis?Howwillitend?3.Whatmakeshisachievementsoremarkable?Thecontrastbetweenthestrengthofhismindandtheweaknessofhisbody.4.Howdidhespeaktopeoplenow?Henowusesacomputerthatenableshimtoselectwordsandthenturnthemintospeech.AboutHawking(斯蒂芬·霍金)StephenHawking(1942~):BritishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematicianMoreinformationaboutHawking---1966EarnedhisPh.D.degreeattheUniversityofCambridge.StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch.DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).---1977Becameaprofessorofphysics.---1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofMathematics(卢卡斯数学教授)atCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.MainAchievements:Singularity(奇点),blackhole(黑洞),ABriefHistoryofTime(时间简史).TextorganizationPartsParagraphsMainideasPartIParas_____Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.PartIIParas____Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience?PartIIIPara____Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive.1-34-67…theworldhaschangedagreatdeal……somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechanges…Buthistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful…Knowledgeandtechniquescan’tjustbeforgotten.Noonecanpreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.…toensurethechangestheymakeareintherightdirection..…thepublicneedsbasicunderstandingofscience,sothatitcanmakeinformeddecision…Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicscientificbackground…?…thebasisliesinwhatistaughtinschools.Scienceistaughtintermsofequations….theyfrightenmostpeople……fortherestofus…thiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams…But…sorapid…but…popularbooksandmagazinearticles…onlytelevision…Skimpart2tofindoutoftheauthor’s3concretesolutionstothequestion:howtoeducatethepublicinscience?______________________________________________________________1.Scienceeducationinschools2.___________________________________________________________Replacingequationswithwordsanddiagrams3_________________________________________________________MakinguseofmassmediaSuchasNewspapersmagazinesTelevision___________________________________________amini-expositionWhile-readingWhatdoes“it”inline2referto?Itrefersto“theworldwelivein”.TranslatethefirstsentenceinParaone.无论我们是否愿意，我们生活的世界在过去的一百年间已经变化了许多，而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。Ashistoryshows,......As常作为连词，表示“正如......”。AsisshownbythegrowthrateofGDPinthelasttwodecades,China’sreformandopenpolicyisagreatsuccess.ParaOnelikelyPara.1:adj*probable(Whenfunctioningasana.,thewordisoftenusedinthefollowingpatterns:itislikelythat…,belikelytodosth.)1)Itislikelythatmyroommatewillwinthefirst-classscholarship.2)今年你可能在伦敦吗?AreyoulikelytobeinLondonthisyear?3)他很可能会干得很好。Itislikelythathewilldoverywell.likelyadv*probably(Whenusedasanad.,thewordisoftenprecededby“most”,”morethan”,or“very”.Youdon’tuseitasanadvonitown)1)Itisreportedthatanothersandstormwillverylikelycomeinthenext24hours.2)我们很可能会迟到。Wewillmostlikelybelate.Cf.likely,possible,probableItislikely/possible/probablethat…Sbislikelyto…选举可能在六月举行。(p73.2（5）)TheelectionislikelytobeheldinJune.Therearefewelectronicapplicationsmorelikelytoraisefearsregardingfutureemploymentopportunitiesthanrobots.很少有其他电子设备能比机器人更引起人们对将来就业的担忧。privilegen.aspecialadvantage特权；特殊待遇；特殊荣幸Asastudentofouruniversity,youwillenjoy/havecertainprivileges,suchasfreeuseofthelibraryandcomputerroom.Itisaprivilegeformetoworkwithyou.和你在一起工作是我莫大的荣幸。privilegeda.有特权的，荣幸的；特许的；I’mprivilegedtohaveworkedwithhersooften.Theyareaprivilegedgroupofpeopleinoursociety.dowithoutmanagetosurvive,continue,orsucceed,althoughyoudonothavesth.youneedAspeterisn’there,weshallhavetodowithouthim.皮特既然不来，我们只好自行其是了。Collocation:doawaywith摆脱；废除，取