Unit1.Great-scientists-warming-up-and-reading

Warmingup&ReadingWhoishe?Whatishisachievement?•Agreatscientist•FatherofHybridRice•ThemanwhoputsanendtohungerWhoarethey?GuessinggameHeiscalledthegreatestscientistinthe20thcentury.HeisfamousfortheTheoryofRelativity.Heis…AlbertEinsteinimaginative想象力比知识更重要Whoishe?Hehasmadeafamouskiteexperiment.Helearnedalotfromitandinventedlightningrod(避雷针).Heis…BenjaminFranklinNeverleavethatuntiltomorrow,whichyoucandotoday.今日事,今日毕。Whoishe?Hemadethefirsttelescopeintheworld.Hisobservationsshowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Heis…GalileoGalileiYoucannotteachamananything.Youcanonlyhelphimfinditwithinhimself.你不可能把一切都教给一个人,你只能帮助他从内心去发现(和了解)事物。Whatdoyouknowaboutgreatscientists?Trythisquizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?5.Whodiscoveredradium?QuizMarieCurie[mз‘ri][’kjuзri]Archimedes[,a:ki'mi:di:z](阿基米德)CharlesDarwin[tʃɑ:lz]['dɑ:win]ThomasNewcomen汤玛斯·纽科门BritishGregorMendel孟德尔浸没液体中的物体所受浮力的大小等于被物体排开的液体所受的重力．即有：F浮=ρ液gV排6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?ZhangHengStephenHawkingThomasEdison['tɒməs]['edɪsn]LeonardodaVinci[,liə'nɑrdo]['vinsi]HumphryDavy汉弗里·戴维爵士drawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencefindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsdrawaconclusionHowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?findsupportingevidencemadeagreatcontribution.madegreatachievements.succeededintheirscientificcareer.overcomemanydifficulties.Whyaretheycalledgreatscientists?similaritiescarefulstrictpositivetalentedbrightstrong-willedDoyouknowJohnSnow?JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifinfectspeople’sintestines(肠胃),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomiting(呕吐)andlegcramps(小腿抽筋).Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(症状),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.Let’sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondoninthisreadingpassage:JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”JohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”Choosethebestanswers.1.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B.TotellushowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C.Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D.Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.2.WhatinspiredJohnSnowaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.BeingQueenVictoria’spersonalphysician.B.Findingwherecholerahappened.C.Helpingordinarypeoplewhosufferedfromcholera.3.What’stheuseofJohnSnow’smapinhisresearch?A.Tohelphimfindthenumberofdeadpeople.B.Tohelphimnotlosehisway.C.Tohelphimfindthereasonofthecholeraoutbreak.4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.JohnSnowbecamefamousaftercholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.B.JohnSnowbegantocollectinformationlongbeforecholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.C.ThemotherandherdaughtermentionedinthetextbothlivedinBroadStreet.D.JohnSnowfeltunsureaboutthecauseofcholeraafterhefinishedthemap.5.Whywascholeracalled“KingCholera”inthetext?A.Becausecholeracausedmanydeaths.B.BecauseitgotitsnamefromQueenVictoria.C.Becausecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.D.Becauseitwasdefeatedwiththehelpoftheking.6.Anothertitleofthetextmightbe______.A.JohnSnowandcholeraB.ThediscoveryofcholeraC.JohnSnow:agreatscientist7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.HowdidJohnSnowcollect,analyzedataandfindthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.8.JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby________.A.gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB.lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC.separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD.bothAandBWhatistheproblem?Thecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.Whatcausedcholera?Detail-readingmakeupaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.JohnSnowwantedtoprovethesecondideabutheneedevidence.ThinkofamethodTogatherinformationintwoparticularstreets.CollectresultsHemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadhadlived.HealsonoticedthatsomeplaceshadhadnodeathItseemedthatthewaterwastoblameforcholera.AmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Publichouseanalyzetheresults:Whathappenedtothepumpwater?Helooke