9委婉语

Joke-EuphemismEuphemism－partofslang•Slang•Euphemism•Vulgarity•Cursing•OthersItsDefinition•Wordfile:part1•包惠南－文化语境与语言翻译中国对外翻译出版公司P176－230•冯庆华英汉互译实用翻译教程上海外语教育出版社P155-160•傅敬民张顺梅薛清英汉翻译辨析中国对外翻译公司P90•委婉是一种语言现象更是一种社会现象。它的形成是各种社会心里因素和语用因素综合作用的结果，从中折射出的也有社会的价值观和道德观。主要表现在替代禁忌语、淡化敏感话题、幽默自谦等方面。翻译委婉语要顾及指称义又要顾及意图和含义，关键要看听者或读者的反应。•Ifyouwillallowme,Iwillcallyourcarriageforyou,youhavelivedsolongabroad,MrsSmith,thatyouseemedtobeunabletorealizeyouaretalkingtoanEnglishGentleman.•如果你允许，史密斯太太，我要为你叫来马车，请你走人。你已经在国外住得时间太长，看来已经意识不到自己正在和一个英国绅士在说话哩。•Disgracedromeoministeradmitstoanothersecretdaughter:LoveChildNo2forYeo.•名誉扫地的风流部长承认又有一私生女：与耶欧的第二个爱情结晶.•“George”,Isaytomyapprentice,“shutshopup.MyoldfriendJohnBainesisgoingtohislonghometoday.”•我对徒弟说，打烊吧，我的老朋友今天快不行了。•Thousandsofpeopleflockedtothehospitaltopaytheirrespectstotheremainsofthegreatfilmstar.•成千上万的人涌进医院，瞻仰这位伟大影星的遗容。•Heisblindtotheconsequence.•他不了解后果的严重性。•AfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinarilyflexible.•在日本待上三天，脊梁骨就会变得特别柔软灵活。•Pleasedohimafavorifpossible.Heistemporarilyunwaged.•可能的话就帮帮他，他失业了。•Hisdaughterisratherweakinthehead.•他的女儿脑子不太好使。•包惠南－文化语境与语言翻译中国对外翻译出版公司P176－230•委婉语•euphemismcomesfromGreek.eu—goodpheme-意思是speech言语那么整个词的意思是wordsofgoodomenorgoodspeech意思是优雅动听的说法TheGrammaticalFunctionsofEuphemism•1避免语言禁忌(avoidmentioningsthconcerninglinguistictaboo)•2避免粗俗(avoidvulgarity)•3表示礼貌和尊敬1避免语言禁忌•togotosleep•tobenomore•tocloseone’seyes•tolaydownone’slife•toexpire•topassaway•toendone’sday•长眠•没了不在了•闭眼•献身•逝世•去世与世长辞•寿终正寝1避免语言禁忌•tobreathone’slast•togowest•topaythedebtofnature•departfromhislife•togotoone’slasthome•torestinpeace•togotoheaven•tobecalledtoGod•咽气•归西天•了结尘缘•离开尘世撒手人寰•回老家•安息•升天仙逝进天堂•去见上帝•SomeservantsfromtheEasternMansioncamerushingupfrantically.“Theoldmaster’sascendedtoHeaven!”theyannounced.Everybodywasconsternated.“Hewasn’tevenill,howcouldhepassawaysosuddenly?”theyexclaimed.Theservantexplained,“HisLordshiptookelixirseveryday;nowhemusthaveachievedhisaimandbecomeanimmortal.•忽见东府里几个人，惶惶张张跑来说“老爷宾天了！”众人一听，吓了一跳，忙都说“好好的并无疾病，怎么就没了，家人说，老爷天天修炼，定是功成圆满，升仙去了。•Onthe14thofMarchataquartertothreeintheafternoonthegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.Hehadbeenleftaloneforscarcelytwominutesandwhenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleep—but•forever•关于墓地表达•Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhohergavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive2避免粗俗•EG:whenawomanispregnant,peoplewillnotstateitdirectly•Sheisinsdelicatecondition.•Nowsheiseatingfortwo•Nowsheisalady–in-waiting•Sheisinafamilyway.•MayIpleasebeexcused?•MayIgotothebathroomplease?•MayIusethefacilities?•I‘mgoingtotmybusiness•Iamgoingtomyprivateoffice.3表示礼貌和尊敬•myworthlessson•myhumblehouse•yourhonorableson•yourhonorablemansion委婉语的特征和翻译•1褒义性特征•2含蓄性特征•3形象性特征•4民族性特征1褒义性特征•garbagecollector-sanitationengineer•plumber―heatingengineer•salesman-salesengineer•drycleaner－drycleaningengineer•undertaker---mortician•hairdresser―beautician•垃圾清运工-环卫工程师•水暖工-供暖工程师•售货员-销售工程师•干洗工－干洗工程师•殡仪员-丧葬医师•女理发师-美容师2含蓄性特征•Iknowwhatdifficultiesare.But“astarvedcamelisbiggerthanahorse”.•Hedroppedthegarment;andconfused,numb,steppedforthinthealtogether.•Thealtogether指的全体整体here-thenakedbody3形象性特征•AfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinarilyflexible.•Verydifferentwasthefeelinghehadbestowedonthatsonofhis“undertherose”.•他对他那个私生的儿子的感情确实迥然不容的。4民族性特征•FallenAsleep,NotDeadbutSleeping,AsleepinJesus.•已经入睡了，不是死去，只是安睡在耶稣的怀抱里。euphemismtranslatethefollowingEnglishsentenceintoChineseHeisabicycledoctor.他是一个自行车修理工Nowadaysmanyweight-watcherswouldliketogotothegym.如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentenceintoChineseTheyaretheculturallydeprived.他们是没有学识的人.AlibraryofteachingmaterialsforpreventingteenagesuicideswillopenforeducatorsinHongKongthisyear.今年香港将为教师开设一家图书馆以提供防止青少年自杀的教学资料.DISCUSSION:Fromwhatwementionabove,whatiseuphemism?