Unit 2 Move Over Big Brother

Unit2MoveOver,BigBrotherPre-readingQuestions•Whatsurveillancedevicescanyougeteasyaccesstonowadays?Nowadays,therearevariouswaystokeepone’sfigureandgoodlooks.Haveyouevertriedanyofthem?What’syourcomment?•Whatmightbetheconsequencesofthespreadofsurveillancetechnology?IntroductiontotheAuthorBackgroundInformationGeorgeOrwell(1903-1950)wasbornEricArthurBlairin1903inMotihari,Bengal(孟加拉),India.HewenttoBirminghamandservedintheadministrationoftheIndianImperialPolicefrom1922to1927.ThenheresignedinpartduetohisgrowingdislikeofBritishimperialism,adislikehevocalizedinhisessaysShootinganElephant(1950),andAHanging(1931).In1928,hedecidedtobecomeaprofessionalwriter.Startingin1930OrwellbecamearegularcontributortotheNewAdelphi,andin1933heassumedthenameGeorgeOrwellbywhichhewouldbecomefamous.•ForhisfirstnovelheusedhisrecentexperiencewithpovertyasinspirationandwroteDownandOutinParisandLondon(1933).Whileteachinginaprivateschoolhepublishedhissecondmajorwork,BurmeseDays(1934).•DuringthesecondWorldWarOrwellservedasasergeantintheHomeGuardandalsoworkedasajournalistfortheBBC,ObserverandTribune,wherehewasliteraryeditorfrom1943to1945.ItwastowardtheendofthewarthathewroteAnimalFarm,andwhenitwasoverhemovedtoScotland.•ItwasAnimalFarmthatmadefinallyOrwellprosperous.HisotherworldwidesuccesswasNineteenEighty-Fouror1984,whichOrwellsaidwaswrittentoalterotherpeople'sideaofthekindofsocietytheyshouldstriveafter.SadlyOrwellneverlivedtoseehowsuccessfulitwouldbecome.HediedfromtuberculosisinLondononJanuary21,1950.IntroductiontoHisWork:1984In1984,WinstonSmithlivesinLondonwhichispartofthecountryOceania.Theworldisdividedintothreecountriesthatincludetheentireglobe:Oceania,Eurasia,andEastasia.OceaniaisatotalitariansocietyledbyBigBrother,whichcensorseveryone’sbehavior,eventheirthoughts.WinstonisdisgustedwithhisoppressedlifeandsecretlylongstojointhefabledBrotherhood,asupposedgroupofundergroundrebelsintentonoverthrowingthegovernment.WinstonmeetsJuliaandtheysecretlyfallinloveandhaveanaffair,somethingwhichisconsideredacrime.Oneday,whilewalkinghome,WinstonencountersO'Brien,aninnerpartymember,whogivesWinstonhisaddress.WinstonhadexchangedglanceswithO'BrienbeforeandhaddreamsabouthimgivinghimtheimpressionthatO'BrienwasamemberoftheBrotherhood.SinceJuliahatedthepartyasmuchasWinstondid,theywenttoO'Brien’shousetogetherwheretheywereintroducedintotheBrotherhood.O'BrienisactuallyafaithfulmemberoftheInner-PartyandthisisactuallyatrapforWinston,atrapthatO'Brienhasbeencleverlysettingforsevenyears.WinstonandJuliaaresenttotheMinistryofLovewhichisasortofrehabilitationcenterforcriminalsaccusedofthoughtcrime.There,WinstonwasseparatedfromJulia,andtortureduntilhisbeliefscoincidedwiththoseoftheParty.Winstondenounceseverythinghebelievedhim,evenhisloveforJulia,andwasreleasedbackintothepublicwherehewasteshisdaysattheChestnutTreedrinkinggin.LouisXIVLouisXIV:KingofFrance(1643–1715).Hisreign,thelongestinFrenchhistory,wascharacterizedbyamagnificentcourtandtheexpansionofFrenchinfluenceinEurope.Louiswagedthreemajorwars:theDutchWar(1672–1678),theWaroftheGrandAlliance(1688–1697),andtheWaroftheSpanishSuccession(1701–1714).BigBrotherBigBrother:Anomnipresent,seeminglybenevolentfigurerepresentingtheoppressivecontroloverindividuallivesexertedbyanauthoritariangovernment.(afterBigBrother,acharacterinthenovel1984byGeorgeOrwell)RodneyKingRodneyKing:RodneyGlenKing(bornApril2,1965inSacramento,California)wasanAfrican-Americanmotoristwho,whilevideotapedbyabystander(GeorgeHolliday),wasstruckrepeatedlybyLosAngelespoliceofficers(LAPD)duringapolicestoponMarch3,1991.Theincidentraisedanoutcry,asmanypeople,bothwithinandoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity,believedthatthebeatingwasraciallymotivated,excessiveandanexampleofpolicebrutality.TheacquittalinastatecourtoffourofficerschargedwithusingexcessiveforceinsubduingKingledtothe1992LosAngelesriotsandmassprotestaroundthecountry.CalifornialawenforcementsourcessayThatRodneyKingwaspulledatapproximately3:30PMinMorenoValley,Californiaonaroutinetrafficstop…whenofficerssuspectedhemayhavebeendrivingundertheinfluence.Kingwasnotarrested–buthewastransportedtoanearbySheriff’sstationforfurtherinvestigation.NowordonwhatsubstancepolicebelieveKingmayhavebeenusing.AbuGhraibjailinIraqAbuGhraibJailinIraq:In2004,reportsemergedofnumerousinstancesofabuseandtortureofprisonersintheBaghdadCorrectionalFacility,formerlyAbuGhraibPrison,bypersonneloftheU.S.armedforces,CIAofficersandcontractorsinvolvedintheoccupationofIraq,beginningin2003.PeepingTomPeepingTom:Apersonwhosecretlywatchesothers,especiallyforsexualgratification;avoyeur.Thisexpression,firstrecordedin1796,alludestothelegendofthetailorTom,theonlypersontowatchthenakedLadyGodivaassherodebyandwhowasstruckblindforthissin.StudyoftheTextStructureAnalysisPartI(P1-2):Lifewithoutprivacywillbeapossibility.PartII(P3-5):Modernadvancesoftechnologymakethedemocratizationofsurveillancepossible.PartIII(P6-8):Thedisadvantagesofthespreadofsurveillancetechnology.PartIV(P9-14):Thebenefitsofthespreadofsurveillancetechnology.PartV(P15-16):Thesocialcompactofthespre