《计算机应用基础》ch2计算机组成原理

©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.SuzhouInstituteofServiceandOutsourcingCH.2ComputerCompositionRogerLuCreatedonOct.15,2009©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.2Object–whatwelearn?ThecompositionofcomputersystemThebasicworkingprinciplesofcomputerThehardwarecomponentsofcomputer©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.3Thecompositionofcomputersystem业的管理信息系统等专用应用软件：如各企、实时控制软件等件包、数据库管理系统通用应用软件：办公软应用软件排错程序等实用程序：诊断程序、等、、、语言处理程序：、、、、操作系统：系统软件软件系统等、调制解调器、集线器网络设备：网络适配器盘、闪存等外存：软盘、硬盘、光印机、绘图仪、音响等输出设备：显示器、打化仪、麦克风等、扫描仪、光笔、数字输入设备：键盘、鼠标外设高速缓冲存储器随机存储器只读存储器内存控制器运算器主机硬件系统计算机BasicVisualFortranPascalCDOSOSLinuxUNIXWindowsCacheRAMROMCPU2/©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.4ThebasicworkingprinciplesofcomputerBasiccomponents运算器（ALU）：进行算术运算和逻辑运算控制器：计算机的神经中枢和指挥中枢从存储器取出指令翻译指令分析指令向其他部件发出控制指令存储器：存放程序和数据内存储器：内存（主存），信息交流中心外存储器：外存（辅存），长期存放暂不用的程序数据输入设备input：接受用户输入的原始数据和程序输出设备output：存放在内存中由计算机处理的结果转变为人们所能接受的形式©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.5Thebasicworkingprinciplesofcomputer计算机的指令系统指令：能被计算机识别并执行的二进制代码，规定了计算机能完成的某一种操作操作码：指明该指令要完成的操作的类型或性质操作数：指明操作对象的内容或所在的单元地址工作原理取指令分析指令执行指令操作码操作数©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.6Thebasicworkingprinciplesofcomputer计算机指令的执行过程©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.7Thebasicworkingprinciplesofcomputer©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.8ThehardwarecomponentsofcomputerMicro-computer按组成结构：单片机、单板机、多板机按用途：台式、便携式、手持式性能指标CPU指标：计算机字长、时钟频率运算速度：平均运算速度内存容量：内存储器存储数据的能力©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.9Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Motherboard主板(Motherboard)主板架构©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.10Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Motherboard©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.11Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Motherboard芯片组：系统主板的灵魂决定了主板的结构和CPU的功能南桥芯片、北桥芯片品牌：Intel,AMD,ATI,VIA,SIS等BIOS：基本输入/输出系统包括：加电自检程序、系统主引导记录的装入程序、CMOS设置程序、基本外围设备的驱动程序©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.12Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Motherboard其他功能CPU监控功能高级电源管理接口功能°自动开机°系统休眠功能©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.13Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－CPUCPU：负责对输入信息进行各种处理的部件CPU的分类通用CPU、嵌入式CPU区别：应用模式不同CPU产品代表：美国Intel公司其他：IBM,Apple,Motorola,AMD,Cyrix等Intel产品：8088（8086）、80286、80386、80486、PentiumPRO、PentiumⅠ－4、PentiumD、Core2国产：龙芯，0.18um©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.14Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－CPU©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.15Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－CPU©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.16Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－CPUCPU的性能指标字长（位数）：CPU内部各寄存器之间一次能够传递的数据位位宽：CPU通过外部数据总线与外部设备之间一次能够传递的数据位CPU外频：CPU总线频率，由主板为CPU提供的基准时钟频率CPU主频：工作频率（内频），CPU内核电路的实际运行频率CPU的生产工艺技术：微米级、纳米级©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.17Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Memory存储器©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.©Copyright,SuzsoftCo.,Ltd.ConfidentialandProprietaryInformation.AllRightsReserved.18Thehardwarecomponentsofcomputer－Memory内存储