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英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧用所给动词的适当形式填空,是英语中考中必考的一个题型。在考试中10分。在做题时要看主语,定时态,注意主谓一致。重点是动词的时态。英语中的时态主要就是八大时态。一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时。何种情况下该使用哪种时态,每种时态中明显的标志词,主要是时间状语,除了考察动词时态外,还考察各种时态的不同语态-----主动语态和被动语态。一.对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如:desk→desks,key→keys,monkey→monkeys,boy→boys等②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-es。例如:fox→foxes,boss→bosses,bus→buses,class→classes,dress→dresses,witness→witnesses,address→addresses,beach→beaches,coach→coaches,couch→couches,inch→inches,sandwich→sanwiches,church→churches,watch→watches,match→matches,speech→speeches,witch→witches,dish→dishes,brush→brushes,goldfish→goldfish,fish→fishes,toothbrush→toothbrushes等。③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-s的有:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,photo→photos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,mango→mangos,bamboo→bamboos,kangaroo→kangaroos。加-es有:tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes,dodo→dodoes/s,hero→heroes。④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变y为i,再加-es。例如:family→families,lady→ladies,baby→bibies,copy→copies,body→bodies,century→centuries,diary→diaries,dictionary→dictionaries,factory→factories,library→libaries,battery→batteries,documentry→documentries,buddy→buddies,ability→abilities,country→countries,butterfly→butterflies,enemy→enemies,memory→memories,balcony→balconies,laboratory→laboratrories,beauty→beauties,charity→charities,comedy→comedies,industry→industries,quallity→quallities,reply→replies,difficulty→difficulties,theropy→theropies,mystery→mysteries,hobby→hobbies,story→stories,city→cities,laundry→laundries,activity→activities等。⑤以f或fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变f或fe为v,再加-es。例如:half→halves,knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,herself→themseves,scalf→scalfs/scalves,wolf→wolves等。考例1:[2005年镇江市]Look!Therearesome___(bird)flyinginthesky.分析:所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应填名词的复数形式,bird的复数形式是birds,因此应填birds.考例2:[2005年泰州市]Yourpresentisinoneofthe____.Canyouguess?(box)分析:所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式,根据习惯表达“oneofthe+可数名词复数”可知,应填名词的复数形式,box的复数形式是boxes,因此应填boxes。考例3:[2004年淮安市]Newspaperreportssaythatsomemore___(country)havebecomeE.U.(欧盟)membersthisyear.分析:所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式,因此应填countries。考例4:[2003年济南市]TheearthquakerockedthecitiesinthenorthofAlgeria.Manypeoplelosttheir____.(life)分析:所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,life的复数形式为lives,因此应填lives。(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)foot→feet,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,policewoman→policewomen,Frenchman→Frenchmen,snowman→snowmen,businessman→businessmen,Englishman→Englishmen,gentleman→gentlemen,salesman→salesmen,mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,fish→fish等。考例1:[2004年无锡市]It’sgoodforustobrushour____(tooth)aftermeals.分析:所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,而tooth的复数形式是不规则的,为teeth,因此应填teeth。2.考查名词的所有格考例1:[2005年泰州市]Chocolateisusually_____favouritefood.(child)分析:所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知,所填的词在句中作定语,应用复数名词的所有格作定语,child的复数形式的所有格为children’s,因此应填children’s。考例2:[2005年淮安市]Tomorrowis___(father)Day.Whatwillyoudoforyourdad?分析:所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,“父亲节”为Father’sDay,因此应填Father’s。注意:母亲节为Mother’sDay,妇女节为Women’sDay,儿童节为Children’sDay,教师节为Teachers’Day。3.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况:(1).名词+y→形容词例如:rain→rainy,wind→windy,cloud→cloudy,sun→sunny,snow→snowy,fog→foggy,mist→misty,health→healthy,luck→lucky,unluck→unlucky,noise→noisy,fun→funny,thirst→thirsty等。(2).名词+ful→形容词例如:care→careful,thank→thankful,help→helpful,use→useful,wonder→wonderful,colour→colourful,pain→painful,success→successful等。(3).名词+n→形容词例如:America→American,Russia→Russian,India→Indian,Australia→Australian,Canada→Canadian,Italy→Italian等。(4).名词+ern→形容词例如:east→eastern,west→western,north→northern,south→southern等。(5).名词+ous→形容词例如:danger→dangerous,fame→famous等。注意:friend→friendly,wool→woolen,difference→different,difficulty→difficult,importance→important,pride→proud,person→personal,safety→safe,confidence→confident等。考例1:[2005年镇江市]Whata____(rain)day!Wehavetostayathome.分析:所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作定语,修饰day,应用形容词,rain的形容词为rainy,因此应填rainy。考例2:[2005年徐州市]Toomuchhomeworkisreally____(pain)tostudents.分析:所给的词pain为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作表语,应用形容词,pain的形容词为painful,即应填painful。4.考查名词变为副词success→successfully,care→carefully,care→carelessly,health→healthily,noise→noisily等。考例:[2005年泰州市]Theyplayedso___thattheylostthefootballmatch.(care)分析:所给的词care在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作状语,修饰played,应用副词,care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。二.对数词的考查1.考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如:four→fourth但是,特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆:一、二、三单独记,八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细,f来把ve替,ty变成tie,后面再加th。即:one→first,two→second,three→third,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,five→fifth,twelve→twelfth,twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth,forty→fortieth,fifty→fiftieth,sixty→sixtieth,seventy→seventieth,eighty→eightieth,ninety→ninetieth等。考例1:[2005年镇江市]The___(eight)lessonisnotsoeasyastheninthlesson,Ithink.分析:所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词,eight的序数词为eighth,即应填eighth。考例2:[2005年扬州市]Wewillhavethe___celebrationforthereturnofHongKong.(nine)分析:(略)应填ninth。考例3:[2005年泰州市]ThestudentsfromAmericaliveonthe____floor.(nine)分析:(略)应填ninth。考例4:[2005年徐州市]LiuXianggotthe___(one)inhiscompetitionofthe2
本文标题:中考英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧
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