初中英语阅读理解做题技巧

得阅读者得天下阅读理解之技巧初中阅读理解阅读材料题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等学生素质阅读速度理解程度思维能力综合文化素质具体考查的内容理解具体信息推测生词词义理解概念性含义判断、推理和引申理解主旨要义理解结构，句段关系理解作者意图解题步骤一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、重读问题，理解问题四、带着问题，重读文章五、复读全文，最后把关题型大聚会1.推理题2.词汇题3.主旨题4.态度观点题5.指代题解题技巧碰碰碰（一）推理题及解题技巧推理题：数字推理知识推断逻辑推理细节推断考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力（最难）。考查学生判断、推理和引申理解作者的意图、观点或态度常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。推论推断暗示暗示技巧1.吃：吃透意思2.捕：捕捉线索3.挖：挖掘加工4.握：把握关系5.摸：揣摸作者1.数字推断题MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughthehole（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）.1.MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire________.A.attheageofsevenB.sevenyearsoldC.intheyearof1898D.morethan（超过）80yearsagoAWhenhewassevenyearsoldPartyinTaiwan..Onhisnine-daytripfromMay5-13,hevisitedXi’an,Nanjing,ShanghaiandChangsha,aswellasBeijing.Soong,63,wasborninXiangtan,HunanProvincein1942.HewenttoTaiwanwithhisfatherattheageofseven.67.SoongwenttoTaiwanwithhisfatherin________.A.1942B.1945C.1949D.19481.数字推断题C例题：TheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentcountryin1783,andNewYorkWasitscapitalforashorttime………………….TheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentcountryin_______.A.the17thcenturyB.the16thcenturyC.the18thcenturyD.the19thcentury注意年与世纪的关系，例如：1867年是19世纪，1990年是20世纪,2008年是21世纪。C2.知识推断题知识推断：根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。实例Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumC3.逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论：指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。实例Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless4.细节推断题为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。所依据的细节实例Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?A.Theclasswasover.B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B很可能的细节认定题。此类题主要考查学生对相关信息的识别能力，旨在考查学生对短文的关键词句、某个具体事实、具体情节或特定的细节是否注意和理解。【考题再现】（2007兰州中考题）Vision-phonescanbeofgreatusewhenyouhavesomethingtoshowthepersonwhomyouarecalling.Itmayalsohaveotherusesinthefuture.Somedayyoumaybeabletocallupalibraryandasktoreadabookrightoveryourvision-phone.Youmaybeabletodosomeshoppingthroughit,too.59.Inthefuture,youcanuseavision-phoneto________.A.readabookB.askanassistanttoreadabookforyouC.askanassistanttobringyouabookD.askanassistanttodosomeshoppingforyouA【剖析】根据Somedayyoumaybeabletocallupalibraryandasktoreadabookrightoveryourvision-phone.结合someday与题干中的Inthefuture相等。所以答案为AThedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.Itiscoldanddark.Thedeeperitis,thelesslightthereis.Atthedepthofabout3,000feet,thereisnotlightatall.Besidesthecoldanddarkness,seaanimalsfaceathirddanger—otheranimals.Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someeatmeat.【考题再现】（2007天津中考题）63.Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepseaaccordingtothepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.Whenoneanimalfindssomethingtoeat,itmaybeeatenbyothers.B.Manyseaanimalseatplants.C.Thedeepertheseais,thedarkeritis.D.Atthedepthof3,000feet,allanimalscanfindtheirways.63.选C根据文中第五段Besidesthecoldanddarkness,seaanimalsfaceathirddanger-otheranimals这组句子。64.选D根据文中第四段第二行”Atthedepthofabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.可推断；没有光线，就很难找到路，D项不符常见的推理判断题题干①Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept______?根据下面的陈述，表述正确的正确的提到的列出的包括的除了….(不包括)（二）词汇题及解题技巧测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…下划线的在第…行的…指的是技巧返回原文，找到该句子结合上下文，理解该词意思重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达超纲词汇不是正确答案正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后1.通过因果关系猜词借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.猜词题实例因为因此结果因此错误2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词1)同义词and连接的词组e.g.happyandgay解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars,andJupiter...行星金星火星木星2)反义词表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等•与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语1.Heissohomely，notashandsomeashisbrother.•or连接的词组2.happyorsorrowful3.通过构词法猜词1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如cal