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2017年11月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.Passage1You’vetemporarilymisplacedyourcellphoneandanxiouslyretraceyourstepstotrytofindit.Orperhapsyouneverletgoofyourphone—it'salwaysinyourhand,yourpocket,oryourbag,readytobeansweredorconsultedatamoment’snotice.Whennewmodelscomeout,youfeelbadaboutsayinggoodbyetoyourelectronicpal.Andwhenyourbatteryliferunsdownattheendoftheday,youfeelthatyoursisrunninglowaswell.Newresearchshowsthatthere’sapsychologicalreasonforsuchextremephonedependence:Accordingtotheattachmenttheoryperspective,forsomeofus,ourphoneservesthesamefunctionastheteddybearweclungtoinchildhood.Attachmenttheoryproposesthatourearlylifeexperienceswiththemajorfiguresresponsibleforourwell-being,namelyparentsorothercaregivers,areattherootofourconnectionstotheadultswithwhomweformcloserelationships.Importantly,attachmentinearlylifecanextendtoinanimateobjects.Teddybears,forexample,serveaswhattheattachmenttheoristD.W.Winnicottcalls“transitionalobjects.”Theteddybear,unliketheparent,isalwaysthere.Whenchildrencan’tbewiththeirparents,theycanstillbewiththeirteddybear.Thesestuffedanimalsalsoserveasatransitionbetweendependenceandindependencewhenyoungchildrenbegintodevelopaseparatesenseofself.Weextendourdependenceoncaregiverstotheseanimals,andusethemtohelpusmovetogreaterautonomyandanindependentsenseofself.Acellphonehasthepotentialtobea“compensatoryattachment”object.Althoughphonesareoftencastigatedfortheiraddictivepotential,scientistsciteevidencethatsupportstheideathat“healthy,well-functioningadultsalsoreportsignificantemotionalattachmenttospecialobjects”.Indeed,cellphoneshavebecomeapervasivefeatureofourlives:Thenumberofcellphonesubscriptionsexceedsthetotalpopulationoftheplanet.TheaverageamountofmobileorsmartphoneuseintheU.S.is3.3hoursperday;youngadults(ages18to24)report5.2hoursonanaverageday.Peoplealsoliketobeneartheirphones:A2013surveyreportsthat79percentofuserskeeptheirphoneswiththemforallbuttwooftheirwakinghours.Nearlyasmanypeoplereportbeingdistressedwhenthey’reseparatedfromtheirphone.Passage2Manycountrieshaveadoptedtheprincipleofsustainabledevelopment.Whenputintopractice,ithelpscombatenvironmentaldeteriorationinairquality,waterlevelsandterrestrialcontrol.Atthesametime,itspracticemaintainshabitatdiversity,anditalsohelpsimprovepovertysituations,controlsoverconsumptionandimproveshealthandeducation.Finally,sustainabledevelopmentpromotesviablerolesforallmembersofsocieties,whileimprovingtheeconomicsituationofdevelopingcountries.Thismeansimportantrolesforteachers,doctors,students,businesses,governments,nativepeopleandtradeunions.Whereasinterdependenceisdesirableduringtimesofpeace,warnecessitatescompetitionandindependence.Tariffsandimportationlimitsstrengthenacountry'seconomicvitalitywhilepotentiallyweakeningtheeconomiesofitsenemies.Moreover,protectionismintheweaponsindustryishighlydesirableduringsuchcircumstancesbecauserelianceonanotherstateforarmamentscanbefatal.Forthemostpart,economistsemphasizethenegativeeffectsofprotectionism.Itreducesinternationaltradeandraisespricesforconsumers.Inaddition,domesticfirmsthatreceiveprotectionhavelessincentivetoinnovate.Althoughfreetradeputsuncompetitivefirmsoutofbusiness,thedisplacedworkersandresourcesareultimatelyallocatedtootherareasoftheeconomy.Imposingquotasisamethodusedtoprotecttrade,sinceforeigncompaniescannotshipmoreproductsregardlessofhowlowtheysettheirprices.Countriesthathopetohelpanewindustrythrivelocallyoftenimposequotasonimportedgoods.Theybelievethatsuchrestrictionsallowentitiesinthenewindustrytodeveloptheirowncompetitiveadvantagesandproducetheproductsefficiently.Developingcountriesoftenusethisargumenttojustifytheirrestrictionsonforeigngoods.Protectionism’spurposeisusuallytocreatejobsfordomesticworkers.Companiesthatoperateinindustriesprotectedbyquotashireworkerslocally.Thistrendcontinuesuntilforeigncountriesretaliatebyimposingsimilarmeasureswithinthatindustry.Anotherdisadvantageofquotasisthereductioninthequalityofproductsintheabsenceofcompetitionfromforeigncompanies.Withoutcompetition,localfirmsarelesslikelytoinvestininnovationandimprovetheirproductsandservices.Domesticsellersdon’thaveanincentivetoenhanceefficiencyandlowertheirprices,andundersuchconditions,consumerseventuallypaymoreforproductsandservicestheycouldreceivefromforeigncompetitors.Aslocalcompanieslosecompetitiveness,theybecomepressuredtooutsourcejobs.Inthelong-run,increasingprotectionismcommonlyleadstolayoffsandeconomicslowdown.2017年11月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.Passage1人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明,中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成部分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表,是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践和与疾病作斗争中逐步形成并不断丰富发展的医学科学,不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了卓越贡献,也对世界文明进步产生了积极影响。中医药在历史发展进程中,兼容并蓄、创新开放,形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观,实现了自然科学与人文科学的融合和统一,蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随着人们健康观念变化和医学模式转变,中医药越来越显示出独特价值。中医药与西医药优势互补,相互促进,共同维护和增进民众健康,已经成为中国医疗卫生体制的重要特征和显著优势。Passage2人人有饭吃,是人类最基本的生存权利,是一切人权的基础。全球农业发展取得了长足的进步,但饥饿和贫困依然是一种“无声的危机”,困扰着全人类。目前世界上还有8亿多贫困人口面
本文标题:英语二级笔译真题
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