选修七-Unit-2-Robots-Grammar[课件]

RevisionofThepassiveInfinitiveUnit2Grammar动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive•主语(subject)•宾语(object)•表语(predicative)•定语(attribute)•状语(adverbial)•宾补(objectcomplement)不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式/完成进行式/todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone不定式的被动语态在句中的作用1.作主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathy…翻译：被邀请参加会议是一大荣幸。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.2.作表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSundayevening.翻译：Tony将由Larry的妻子Claire进行测试。TonyistobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.3.作宾语SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.翻译：这位职员不喜欢被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkdidn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers.4.作宾补Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.5.做定语Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!Areyougoingtothemeeting__________intheteachers’office?(hold)tobeheld6.做状语Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.结论：如果不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用不定式的完成式。不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在therebe结构中。例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).2.在“主语+be+性质形容词+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，soft,interesting，comfortable,important，expensive，cheap，fit,safe,dangerous等。例如：Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.Johnisdifficulttodealwith．Airinthecountrysideisfreshtobreathe.3.在“too…todo;adj./adv.enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．5.句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动；反之用被动形式。比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype．Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(Iwilltypetheletters)(Someonewilltypetheletters.)1.“Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),Sir?”askedthemaid.2.Ican’tgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes________(wash).3.I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything___________(take)toyourwifethere?tobewashedtowashtobetaken及时练6.当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。Thehouseistolet．IfeltIwastoblame.动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.NOTICE1.Thedishesneed________________.2.Themailisintended_____________.SentenceMakingwashsendtobewashedtobesent课堂练兵3.Thesingerrefused_________________.4.Thehouseis__________.photographselltobephotographedtobesold5.Thewallisexpected______________.painttobepaintedfrighten6.Thebirdseems_______________.tobefrightened1.Shehates________________byherclassmates.2.Timrefused_________________byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled_______________bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodFillintheblanks.accompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstesttobelaughedat4.Thesearetheissues______________tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussedaccompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstest1.Myambitionis_________totheuniversitywhichhasthemostexcellentsportingfacilitiesinBeijing.A.toadmitB.tobeadmittedC.tobeadmittingD.tohavebeenadmitted2.Youngasheis,hedoesn’tlike_______asachild.A.totreatB.treatingC.tobetreatedD.tobetreating3.Theprofessorandhisfellowworkersweresentthere_______forthespaceflight.A.trainB.tobetrainingC.tohavebeentrainedD.tobetrained4.Lilyhasbeeninvitedtoagardenparty_________nextSaturdayevening.A.tobeheldB.toholdC.tobeholdingD.tohavebeenheld5.Jackisreported_______chairmanofthetradeunionbyallmembers.A.tochooseB.tohavebeenchosenC.tobechoosingD.tobechosen6.—IsMarystillstudying?—I’mafraidnot.Sheissaid________theclassroomalready.A.tobeleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tohaveleft7.Doletyourparentsknowallthetruth.Theyappear__________everything.A.tohavebeentoldB.totellC.tobetellingD.tobetold8.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard9.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_____assoonaspossible.A.sendingB.tosendC.beingsentD.tobesent10.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holdingHomeworkTranslatethefollowingsentences.1.据说这次会议已经被取消了。2.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。3.我希望被北京大学录取。4.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。5.今天我有很多的作业要做。