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WhereistheMoat?经济护城河在哪里?ResearchonRestaurantChainIndustry(1)施维Email: mark.wei.shi@gmail.comTheMoatofRestaurantChains施维Email: mark.wei.shi@gmail.comToidentifytheMoatofarestaurantchain,Iaskmyself(asbusinessowner)theChallengeQuestioninPage4.AndIrankthethingsIleastwanttogiveaway.How Hard to Replicate and the ReasonOne Billion Dollar TestKnow-howandReputationinyourNiche(Differentiation)IttakesyearstoestablishthereputationasannicheleaderandthechancetobuildupthenameislimitedtofirstmoverAdvertising,PracticeandCustomerSatisfactionPrimelocationsatTrafficHotspots(DecisionMaking)Youneedtohaveteamsdoinginvestigationandnegotiationone-by-one,chanceisalsolimitedtofirstmoversNegotiationforpopularlocations,StorecapexSupplySystem(BothSupplyChainandProductionProcess)Youneedtobuildupregionalcentralfacilityandlogistics,youalsohavetotrial-and-errortobesttailoryourproductionwaysFacilityandlogisticcapex,errorcostsScaleofBusinessYouneedtoalmostrebuildthewholestorenetworkatafarhighercostthantheexistingplayers,andtoarchivetheirsalesReplacementcostofstorenetwork1.ItMakesStable,TangibleMoney.LessChancetoencounterMoney-LosingBusinessnorOnewithFraudorAccountingProblemcomparedtomostotherindustry2.It’sEasytoReplicateandExpandaEstablishedFoodBusinessbutNot-So-EasytoCompeteBecauseofLackofKnow-How(Brand)andScale.3.EverybodyNeedsFood,Everyday.SotheMarketisHugeandOnewithBestKnow-HowandCompetencyHasaLongWaytoGrow.4.ManyNicheMarketExistsinRestaurantChainBusinessandEveryLeadersinEachNichecanHaveGreatReturnforTheirInvestors.5.FranchiseeModelImpliesLong-TermGrowth.YouCanGrowonYourBrandandKnow-HowWhenShuttingDownOwnStores.OtherFactorsWhyRestaurantChainisaGoodBusinessRestaurantChainsWarrenBuffettBoughtAcquired via Blue Chip Stamps in the 3, Jan of 1972 with USD35M when 1972 net profit was 2.1M , at a price of 3 ×B/S and estimated forward P/E around 17, See’s was founded in 1921 in Los Angeles. See’s Candies had 12 stores by mid 1920s, and 30 during great depression, and expanded to 200+ in US and 7 overseas.Acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in Jan, 1998 with USD590M when 1998 sales was 420M and net earning contributable to BRK was 35M, implying a forward P/E 17 . DQ was a pioneer of foodfranchising, expanding its 10 stores in 1941 to 100 by 1947, 1,446 in 1950, and 2,600 in 1955. As of 2010, Dairy Queen had more than 5,900 stores in 22 countries, including 652 locations outside the United States and Canada.Initially bought in 1996 with a 4.3% ownership, though sold later in 1998. Warren Buffett admitted he regretted having sold out McDonald’s too early too soon, giving up gains later. However, the stock price of MCD peaked in 1999 and slid until 2002. It appeared that Warren Buffett had found McDonalds too late. McDonalds has been dominating US burger market and expanding aggressively overseas in 80s and in 1996 MCD just failed to change their image, promoting adult‐focused deluxe line.Warren Buffett also purchased many food producers which don’t have proprietary distribution channel but has great reputation and quality thus high penetration of various channels, such asInitially bought in 1988, Initially bought in 2005Initially bought in 2008Initially bought in 1991RestaurantChainsWarrenBuffettMissedA U.S. bakery‐cafe company, IPO in mid 1991. Sales grew from USD68M in 1991 to USD1542M in 2010. Net Profit grew from USD2.6M to USD112M duringthis period. Stock price increased 25 times from IPO. As of end of 2010, PaneraBread had 662 own stores and 791 franchisee stores.A U.S. roaster, marketer and retailer of specialty coffee, IPO in mid 1992. Sales grew from USD58M in 1991 to USD11700M in 2011. Net Profit grew from USD2.4M to USD1245M during this period. Stock price increased 65+ times from IPO. As of end of 2011, Starbucks had 9031 own stores and 7972 franchisee stores.A U.S. roaster and marketer offresh roasted whole bean coffee and tea, IPO in start of 2001. Sales grew from USD51M in 1997 to USD334M in 2011. Net Profit grew from USD0.34M to USD17.5M during this period. Stock price increased 6~7 times from IPO. A U.S. bakery‐beverage company. IPO in end of 1992. Sales grew from USD46M in 1991 to USD1659M in 2010. Net Profit grew from USD1.7M to USD82Mduring this period. Stock price increased 10 times from IPO. A U.S. grill restaurant chain company. IPO in beginning of 2006. Sales grew from USD470M in 2004 to USD1836M in 2010. Net Profit grew from USD6M to USD179M during this period. Stock price increased 9 times from IPO. A collection of various restaurant chains, including KFC, Pizza Hat etc. IPO in late 1997. Sales only increased slightly from USD8479M in 1998 to USD11343Min 2010. Net Profit grew from USD445M to USD1158M during this period. Stock price increased 7~8 times from IPO. A U.S. pizza delivery and carryout restaurant chain. IPO in early 1993. Sales grew from USD24M in 1991 to USD1126M in 2010. Net Profit grew from USD0.7M to USD52M during this period. Stock price increased 8~9 times from IPO. WhereistheMoat:CompetitionwithinNicheKnow-
本文标题:餐饮行业的经济护城河在哪里
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