实用翻译2

Chapter2AmplificationandOmission•2.1增词•2.1.1根据句法结构需要增词•1)增补主语•1不坚持就会失败.•Onewillfailunlessoneperseveres.•2.怕要下雨了.•Iamafraiditisgoingtorain.•3.有要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑!•Youwantthehorsetorunfastandyetyoudon’tletitgraze.Isn’titridiculous?•4.没有调查就没有发言权.•Hewhomakesnoinvestigationhasnorighttospeak.•5.重点是普及义务教育,积极发展职业教育和成人教育,适度发展高等教育,优化教育结构.•Wemustlayemphasisonmakingcompulsoryeducationuniversal,vigorouslydevelopingvocationalandadulteducation,moderatelydevelopinghighereducationandoptimizingeducationalstructure.2)增补非人称的或强势句中的it•1.一天天冷起来了.•Itisgettingcolderdaybyday.•2.是我们采取有效措施的时候了.•Itistimewetookeffectivemeasures.•3.你三星期完成这项设计不容易.•Itwasnoteasyforyoutofinishthisdesigninthreeweeks.•4.把钟拆开比把它装起来容易.•Itiseasiertotakeaclockapartthantoputittogetheragain.•5.尝试而失败还是比不尝试好.•Itisbettertotryandfailthannevertryatall.•6.我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题.•Itwaswithgreateffortthatwesolvedthoseproblems.•7.我们这样做都是为了你好.•Itwasforyourbenefitthatwedidallthat.3)增补作宾语的代词或先行宾语it•1.交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方.•Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrected.•2.我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的.•Wethinkitmostimportantthattheoryshouldbecombinedwithpractice.4)增补物主代词•1.别把手搁在口袋里。•Don’tputyourhandsinyourpockets.•2.他走进屋来，大衣上尽是积雪，鼻子冻得通红。•Heenteredtheroom,hiscoatcoveredwithsnowandhisnoseredwithcold.5）增补并列连词•1.男女老少都参加了战斗。•Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.•2.你干嘛不去问他？•Whydon’tyougoandaskhimaboutit?•3.最好把毛衣穿上，外面相当冷。•You’dbetterputonyoursweater,forit’srathercoldoutside.•4.跑了和尚，跑不了庙。•Themonkmayrunaway,butthetemplecannotrunawaywithhim.6）增补从属连词或关系代词•1.不努力，不会成功。•Onewillnotsucceedunlessoneworkshard.•2.我吃了饭去。•I’llgowhen/afterIhavehadmydinner.•3.一年之计，莫若树谷；十年之计，莫若树木；百年之计，莫若树人。（《管子。权修篇》）•Ifyouplanforoneyear,plantaseed.Iffortenyears,plantatree.Ifforahundredyear,teachthepeople.7）增补系动词•1)昨天元旦,人人都很高兴.•ItwasNewYear’sDayyesterday,andeverybodyfeltveryhappy.•2)我们应当虚心.•Oneshouldalwaysbemodest.8)增补介词•1)你是白天工作还是晚上工作?•Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?•2)你经常想到帮助别人是很好的.•Itisgoodofyoutobealwaysthinkingofhelpingothers.9)增补冠词•1)海上升明月.•Thebrightmoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.•2)我们对问题要做全面的分析,才能解决得妥当.•Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofaproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.2.1.2为了明确表达原文的含义而增词•1)增补在汉语中不言而喻的词语•A班学习成绩很好.•ThestudentsinClassAhavewonabrilliantacademicrecord.•他们屡战屡败.•Theyarerepeatedlydefeatedalthoughtheyfoughtagainandagain.•有开有谢是真花,只开不谢是假花.•Itisarealflowerthatopensandfalls.Ifitstayslonginblossomitmustbeanartificialone.•时光流逝太快,还没有很好地一览风光,怎么就入秋境呢?便觉有三分惆怅,三分无奈•AtouchofdowncastnessandhelplessnesscameovermeasIrealizedhowtimehadflown.BeforeIcouldsufficientlyadmirethesceneryandenjoythebeautyoflife,itwasalreadyautumn.2)为了使上下文衔接,增补连接词语.•1.努力学习吧,努力学习三年五载,你就会精通英语了.•Studyhard!Studyhardforthreetofiveyears!BythattimeyouwillbeproficientinEnglish.•2.李先生病了,我们得找个人代替他.•Mr.Lifellill,thusmakingitnecessaryforustofindasubstituteforhim.2.1.3为了适应英语句子的逻辑要求而增词•1.我们的革命和建设,成绩是主要的,缺点错误也有.•Inourrevolutionandconstruction,theachievementsareprimary,thoughthereareshortcomingsandmistakes.•2.其实地上本没有路,走的人多了,也便成了路.(鲁迅:故乡)•Actually,theearthhadnoroadstobeginwith,butwhenmanymenpassoneway,aroadismade.2.2减词•1.刚进大学时,陌生的环境,陌生的人群,甚至连宿舍楼下的磁卡电话也是陌生的.•WhenIfirstenteredtheuniversity,everythingseemednewtome:theenvironment,thecrowdofpeople,andthemagneticcardtelephoneboothbelowourdormitorybuilding.•2.不坚持社会主义,不改革开放,不发展经济,不改善人民生活,只能是死路一条.•Ifwedidnotadheretosocialism,implementthepoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,developtheeconomyandraiselivingstandardsofthepeople,wewouldfindourselvesinablindalley.•3.必须认识到,如果只讲物质利益,只讲金钱,不讲理想,不讲道德,人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标,失去行为的正确规范.•Wemustrealizethatwewouldlosethecommonobjectiveofstruggleandtheacceptedcodeofconductifweonlyvaluematerialgainsandmoneywithoutthinkingofidealsandmoralstandards.•4.在我们学校,王先生教语文,黄先生教数学,章先生教英语.•Inourschool,Mr.Wangtakesupteaching/teachesChinese,Mr.Huang,mathematicsandMr.Zhang,English.•5.他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情.•Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.•6.在化学公式中,表示氢的符号是H;表示氧的符号是O;表示氮的符号是N.•Inthechemicalformula,thesymbolforhydrogenisH,foroxygen,O,fornitrogen,N.