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ThestatementofNominalClausesLiubaMiddleSchoolMengWeiwhether和if都可以引导宾语从句1.当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.2.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.SomethingshouldbepaidattentiontoIdon’tknowwhetherornotshe’lllikeit.Everythingdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrow.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.3.复合不定式只能用whether.告诉我是去是留4.习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether.但:宾语从句否定时常用if引导.他问你是否去见他WediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameetingTelluswhethertogoorstayhere.Heaskedifyouwouldnotgoandseehim.我们讨论了是否要召开一个会议以it作形式主语,把主语从句后置的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that从句certain\clearimportantnecessaryprobablepossibleItis/wasthat–clause(1)她会考好是肯定的了Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(2)他告诉我一切是可能的Itisprobablethathetoldmeeverything.2、It+be+名词词组+that从句pityshameduty(1)Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.(2)Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.Itis/wasathat–clause3、It+be+过去分词+that从句saidreportedthoughthopedbelievedknownthat–clauseItis4、It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词+that从句。(1)看起来爱丽丝根本不能去舞会ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.(2)碰巧我那天外出表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句.Thisisbecausehemissedthetrain这是因为他没赶上火车当主语为it,that,this时,because可以引导句子,出现在表语的位置上.否则,because应引导原因状语从句.Itisbecauseweareclosertothesuninsummer.这是因为我们夏天离太阳近Thisisbecausehebrokethelaw.这是因为他违法了引导表从他来晚的原因是他差一分钟没赶上火车Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.需要注意的是,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。限制性定语从句Thereasonofhisabsenceisthathestayeduptoolatethenightbeforeandcouldnotgetupthatmorning.他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨没起来Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.他来晚的原因是他起床晚了表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.seem,appear后可接that引导的从句,而look则不可.这三个词后都可用asif/asthough引导从句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/appears/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.功能例词从属连词只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何作用。that,whether,if,asif(只用于表词从句)连接代词既起连接作用,本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who,whom,whose,what,which连接副词既起连接作用,本身又做从句的状语。when,where,why,how用how组成的词组,如:howmany,howmuch引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)(that引导定语从句,作宾语时,可以省略)试比较:Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.(同位语从句)Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturneddown.(定语从句)注意:同位语从句和定语从句的区别是:前者说明名词的内容,后者说明名词的性质特征;前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分,后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳:1.语序在名词性从句中,从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句(what,who,which,when,where,now,why等),不可用特殊疑问句的疑问句语序。如:(1)Iwonderwhosheis.(2)Thequestioniswhenwe’llcompletetheworks.(3)Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.2.时态:学习名词性从句时,除了要注意从句的引导词,语序等外,还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。(2)、在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中,也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如:(1)Whowillbesentabroadhasnotbeendecided.(主句是现在完成时,从句是一般将来时)(2)Theearthoftodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago.(主句是一般现在时,从句是一般过去时)3、几组易混引导词的区别(1)What与that在句词性从句中,what和that都可作关连词,其区别在于:what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语等),因此在任何情况下都不能省略,表示“什么”,所…的事(物、话),相当于thethingthat或which。that本身没有词汇意义,在名词从句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文体中,宾语从句中的that经常省略。如:(1)你所做的可能伤害别人Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothers.(2)所引起这个事故的是一个迷Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.(3)我认为你会喜欢这枚邮票Ithink(that)youwilllikethestamp.doubt用于肯定结构时,后面用whether/if引导名词性从句;用于否定结构或疑问结构时,后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时,后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时,后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。•Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.•Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.•Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.because与whybecause与why均可引导表语从句,但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如:(1)Ithinkit’sbecauseyou’redoingtoomuch.(2)Hewasill.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.(3)Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.(MET1989)A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.考查引导词that与what的区别高考题例示:1.______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.(NMET1996)A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what2.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.(MET1991)A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike33.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考题例示:1._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考题例示:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
本文标题:高三复习名词性从句注意事项
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