高三非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语动词专题成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√非谓语动词专题一、不定式：一般式的构成:_______；（被动）_______完成式的构成:_______；（被动）_____进行式的构成:_____________1、ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_________(break)theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.2、Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone__(repair)firstisthelibrary.todo；tobedone；tohavedone；tohavebeendone；tobedoing；tohavebroken；toberepaired非谓语动词专题1.不定式作主语不定式短语可直接放在句首作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。TostudyEnglishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.Itismyhonorheretobeinvitedtospendsometimewithyou.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。Todaymyjobistowateralltheflowersinthegarden.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.非谓语动词专题3.不定式作宾语常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，arrange，want,wish,hope,expect,agree,decide,learn,pretend,ask,promise,plan,refuse,help,dare,determine,decline,fail,manage,beg,demand,offer,prepare,claim,struggle,choose,elect,undertake,seek,attempt,volunteeretc.1、Weagreed____(meet)here,butsofarhehasn’tturnedupyet.2、Whenhisfathercameback,theboypretended_(do)hishomework.3、ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_(hear).tomeet;tobedoing;tobeheard.非谓语动词专题4．不定式作宾补(1)如下动词(短语)常跟带to的不定式作宾补：get,remind,want,wish,ask,tell,order,command,instruct,request,beg,permit,allow,help,advise,persuade,prepare,invite,cause,force,callon,waitfor,counton,relyon,dependon,wouldlike等。Wecan’tcountonamanlikeJim______(give)usthenecessaryhelp.但hope,suggest,agree,demand,arrange,approve等动词后不能接sbtodosth.结构(2)一些感官动词和使役动词：feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.-Hewasseen____theroad.togivetocross非谓语动词专题5.不定式作定语（1）不定式用在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等短语后面。Johnwasthelastman______________(invite)todinnerinourfamily.（2）不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓或动宾关系Thenexttrain____________(arrive)wasfromNewYork.（主谓关系）Itwasagame__________________(remember).（动宾关系）注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词，Thechild__________________________________(没什么可担忧的).tobeinvitetoarrivetoberememberedhasnothingtoworryabout非谓语动词专题如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).Hehasnoplace_________________(住).Thisisthebestway_____________________(解这道题).tolive(in);tosolvetheproblem非谓语动词专题6.不定式作状语1）表目的：不定式作目的状语，inorderto既可放句首也可放句中。soasto一般不放句首。注意不定式作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：(T/F)：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.(T/F)：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebanktobuypresentsformydad._____________not____losehisjob,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.F;T;Inorderto非谓语动词专题2)表原因：Wewereastonished___(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious,lucky,fortunate,proud,angry,surprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthytofind非谓语动词专题3)表结果：具体形式是：too+adj./adv.+todo太……而不能……adj./adv.+enough+todo足以……only/justtodo表示出乎意料的结果so……asto……如此……以致于……Hearrivedlate_____________________(发现火车走了).Doyouthinkyouarebraveenoughtotrybungeejumping?It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.onlytofindthetraingone非谓语动词专题4)用于“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构。形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,comfortable,fit,convenient,pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式。Thearmchairisverycomfortable___(坐).tositin非谓语动词专题7.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。（wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto,beglad/happyto）但to后be,have不省。Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.Heisnotateachernow,butheusedtobe.非谓语动词专题（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式（doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone）(1)一般式：Seeingis______(眼见为实).(2)被动式：Hecametotheparty_____(未被邀请).(3)完成式：Weremembered____(看过这部电影).(4)完成被动式：Heforgot___________________(take)toGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.believing;withoutbeinginvited;havingseenthefilm;havingbeentaken非谓语动词专题(5)否定式：__notdoing/nothavingdone__Iregret_____________我后悔没听他的劝告.(6)复合结构：所有格/宾格+动名词(作主语只能用所有格)Hesuggested_________(我们再试)itonceagain._______________(他不懂英语)troubledhimalot.nothavingfollowedhisadvice;our/ustrying;HisnotunderstandingEnglish非谓语动词专题2、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：_________________(朗读)isveryhelpful.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It's___________________（争吵是没用的）.（2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis_______________________(产卵).（3）作宾语：Theyhaven'tfinished__________(建好大坝).Wehaveto____________(阻止空气被污染)Readingaloud;nousequarrelling;layingeggs;buildingadampreventtheairfrombeingpolluted;非谓语动词专题如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：mind,enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay/postpone,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit/acknowledge,deny(否认),permit,forbid,practise,risk,escape,appreciate,mention,understand,dislike,fancy,tolerate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp/resist,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,setabout,beengagedin,keep/stop/prevent…from…,spend/waste…(in),succeedin,beused/accustomedto,lookforwardto,objectto/beopposedto,payattentionto,keepon,devote/dedicate…to,belimited/restrictedto,becommittedto…1|.Hedidn’tfeellike__(read),soshesuggested_____(practicewrite)anEnglishletterrightaway.2.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed__(catch).reading;practicingwritin