The Commonwealth of Australia

Whichcountryisit?ACountryMarchingintheTramcarAnInfrequentBiologicalMuseumANationontheSheepBackTheCommonwealthofAustraliaNationalCapital：Inaboriginallanguage,theword“kambera”means“gatheringplace”or“meetingplace”.Canberra堪培拉NationalFlagTheheptagonalstar:sixstatesandoneterritoryThefivestars:theSouthernCross南十字星座NationalEmblemAdvanceAustraliaFair前进，美丽的澳大利亚•Australiansallletusrejoice,Forweareyoungandfree;We'vegoldensoilandwealthfortoil,Ourhomeisgirtbysea;OurlandaboundsinNature'sgiftsOfbeautyrichandrare;Inhistory'spage,leteverystageAdvanceAustraliafair!Injoyfulstrainsthenletussing,AdvanceAustraliafair!NationalDay:January26thOnJanuary26th,1788，theBritishcolonistsestablishedthefirstsettlementinAustralia.Australia:TheLandDownUnderSmallestContinent&LargestIslandTheFlattestandLowestContinentTheAverageheightofAustraliais330meters.TopographicalRegionsTheGreatWesternPlateauTheEasternHighlandsTheCentralEasternLowlandsTheEasternUplandsTheCentralLowlandsTheWesternPlateauTheWesternPlateauArea:60%ofAustralia;Averageelevation:200-500mAyersRock艾尔斯巨石TheCentralLowlandsArea:25%ofAustraliaAverageelevation:150mLakeEyre:thelowestpointinAustraliaLakeEyreis4-16metersbelowsealevel.ThewaterinLakeEyreisverysaltyandthelakebedsareencrustedwithsalt.TheEasternUplandsArea:15%ofAustraliaAverageelevation:800-1000mThehighestmountaininAustraliaMountKosciusko科修斯科山Thehighestmountain,MountKosciusko,is2,228metershigh.theMurrayRiver墨累河Thelongestriver,RiverMurray,is3,490kmlong.GreatBarrierReef大堡礁TheGoldCoast黄金海岸FourSeasonsinAustralia•Spring:September-November•Summer:December-February•Autumn:March-May•Winter:June-AugustTropicalClimateZonePolarClimateZoneTemperateClimateZoneTemperateClimateZonePolarClimateZoneAustralia:ahotcontinentClimateinAustralia:HotandDryAveragetempinsummer:20-30Averagetempinwinter:10-20Australia:adrycontinentEucalypts桉树GoldenWattle金合欢Emus:鸸鹋Kangaroo袋鼠UniqueAnimalsinAustraliaKangaroo袋鼠Koala考拉Marsupials有袋动物Platypus鸭嘴兽Echidnas食蚁猬Kookaburra笑翠鸟PopulationinAustraliaSparsely-PopulatedAustraliahasapopulationof19,731,900accordingtoa2003survey.PopulationinAustraliaUnevenly-DistributedMostofAustraliansliveinthesouthandeast.PopulationinAustraliaHighly-Urbanized80%ofAustraliansliveincitiesandtowns,especiallyalongthenarrowcoastalstripbetweenBrisbaneandAdelaide.PoliticalDivisioninAustraliaACTWesternAustraliatheStateofExcitementBiggeststateLeastpopulousMiningPerth:theloneliestcapitalcityintheworldPerthQueenslandtheSunshineStateThesecondlargeststateAgricultureandminingproductionBrisbaneSouthAustraliaThethirdlargeststateSparsely-populatedAgricultureandminingSisterprovinceofShandongAdelaideAdelaide:CityofCathedralsNewSouthWalesthePremierStateThefourthlargeststateThemostpopulousstateIndustry,shippingandagricultureSydneyVictoria:theGardenStateThefifthlargeststateThesecondmostpopulousstateAgricultureandpastoralindustriesMelbourneTasmania:theHolidayIsleThesmalleststateTourismSisterprovinceofFujianHobartNorthernTerritoryCovering1/5ofthecontinentSparsely-populatedCattle-raisingandminingDarwin:GatetotheNorthDarwinAustralianCapitalTerritoryIn1911,theACTwasmappedoutofNewSouthWalestobethesiteofnationalcapital.PoliticalSystem1.ConstitutionalMonarchyVSRepublicanism2.ParliamentarysystemVSPresidentialSystem3.UnitaryStateVSFederalStateConstitutionalMonarchyVSRepublicanismConstitutionalmonarchy:君主立宪制Themonarchhasthesupremepowerinthecountry.Republicanism:民主共和制Thesupremepowerisinvestedinthepeople.ParliamentarySystemVSPresidentialSystemParliamentarySystem:议会制Theexecutivebranchofgovernmentisdependentonthedirectorindirectsupportofthelegislativebranch.PresidentialSystem:总统制Theexecutivebranchiselectedseparatelyfromthelegislative.UnitaryStateVSFederalStateUnitaryState:单一制国家Thelocalgovernmentissubordinatetothecentralgovernment.FederalState:联邦制国家Theself-governingstatusofthecomponentstatesisconstitutionallyentrenchedandmaynotbealteredbyaunilateraldecisionofthecentralgovernment.PoliticalSystemU.K.U.S.A.AustraliaThereisnowrittenconstitution.Thereisawrittenconstitution.?ConstitutionalMonarchyRepublicanism?ParliamentarysystemPresidentialSystem?UnitaryStateFederalState?PoliticalSysteminAustraliaAustraliaisaconstitutionalmonarchy.parliamentarydemocracy.federalstate.TheAustraliaConstitutionTheAustraliaConstitutioncameintoeffectwhenthesixcoloniesfederatedtoformtheCommonwealthofAustraliain1901.Theconstitutioncanonlybechangedbyreferendum.Onlythemajorityofthevotersandthemajorityofstatesapproved,theconstitutioncanformallybealteredbytheHighCourtofAustralia.TheLegislativeBranchTheAustralianFederalParliamentconsistsofTheQueen(Governor-General)TheSenateTheHouseofRepresentatives.TheSenate/theUpperHouseAnelectedhouseEqualmembersofsenatorsfromeachstateSenatorsfromthestates:six-yeartermSenatorsfromtheterritories:three-yeartermTheHouseofRepresentativestheLowerHouseAnelectedhouseSeatsaredividedaccordingtopopulation.ElectionsareheldeverythreeyearsTheMajorPoliticalPartiesTheAustralianLaborPartyTheLiberalPartyTheCountry/NationalPartyTheSocialDemocraticPartyJohnHo