定语从句讲与练解析

定语从句◆定义及其作用：◆定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。◆定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。定语从句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后•修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分•使用that的情况：•1、当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。•eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时EgWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.在therebe句型中,只用that.Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.•8、当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。•eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.•9、当先行词又有人又有物时。•eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2、在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.•Consolidationexercises.•Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.•1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.•2.Isthisthebookin____youareinterested?•3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.thatwhichthat5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.6.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,____wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.thatthatwhichthat4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.that•修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。•当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。•eg.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?•在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。•eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.•Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。eg.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.•Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.•1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.•2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.•3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?•4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.whomwhosethatare5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.likesheritwho•关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别.•1.位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后,而which从句只可在主句后.•2.意义:as从句常是一些固定结构,(如asisknowntoall,asweexpected,aseverybodyknows等,而且译为”正如….,恰如…”.)thesame…as,such…as,和……一样.which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系.•Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsangry.•Aswehadexpected,hefailedintheexam.•关系副词when,where,why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。•关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。•eg.Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.•Haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether?Thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime.IsthisthehousewhereMrSmithlives?Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewon’tjoinus.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?•关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。请比较以下句子：•Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.•Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.•Shewon’tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.•Exercises:•Fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.•1.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?•2.Isthistheroom____welivedbefore?•3.Thisisthegarden____theystayedforanight.•4.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.•thatwherewherethat5.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.6.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.7.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.8.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining.whenthatwhenthat•关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.•Comprehensiveexercises.•Fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.•1.Isthistheroom_____wespentourchildhood?•2.Thisdictionaryisthesecondone_____Iboughtintheshop.•3.Istillrememberthedate_____IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.•4.Tomisthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons____hesawintheyard.5.Thereare100oldmeninthestreet,someof____aredrinkingtea.6.Doyouknowthedays_____youspentonEnglish?7.Allthebooks____areontheshelfbelongtoMary.8.Areyousatisfiedwiththepark____youvisitedlasttime?9.____weallknow,thebuildingwillsoonbedestroyed.10.Ihavethesamebook_____shehas.