定语从句语法精讲

英语技能培训01定语从句的相关概念02定语从句的分类CONTENTS03如何用关系词引导定语从句04定语从句中需注意事项05本节小结定语从句的相关概念101定语从句的相关概念【定语从句】在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的用作定语的从句。（常置于先行词后）Eg：Thebike（whosecolourisblack）ismine.【先行词】被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词。Eg:IhaveasisterwhoworksinShanghai.【关系词】：引导定语从句的词，连接主从句；代替先行词；在从句中担任一定成分，分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句的分类202定语从句的分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词关系紧密，不能删去，与先行词之间无逗号隔开；Eg:Iliketheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.我喜欢窗户朝南的那个房间。是先行词的一个附加修饰，对先行词只起进一步说明作用，如果删掉，主句意义仍然完整，与先行词之间有逗号隔开。Eg:Idon'tliketheroom,whichiscold.我不喜欢这个房间，它太冷了。IliketochatwithJohn,whoisacleverboy.如何用关系词引导定语从句303如何用关系词引导定语从句如何选用关系代词第一步：找出先行词，辨别先行词是指认还是指物第二步：判断从句中所缺成分为主语，宾语，定语，确定对应关系代词关系代词先行词主格宾格所有格人who，thatwhom/who，thatwhose物which，thatwhichthatwhose，ofwhich03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句1）Thereisayoungman.+Theyoungmanlikesadventure.=Thereisayoungmanwho/thatlikesadventure.2）ThemanisinJapan.+Shewantstovisittheman.=Themanwhom/who/thatShewantstovisitisinJapan3）Ilikethepen.+Yougivemethepen.=Ilikethepenthat/whichyougiveme.4）Iknowtheboy.+Theboy'sparentsaredead.=Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.5）Pleaseshowmethebook.+Thebook'scoverisred.=Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.=Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred.03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词选择练习1）Thewoman__________isspeakingatthemeetingismymother.2）Sheisthegirl________________Imetattheparty.3）Whichisthebike______wason-thedesk?4）Haveyoufoundthebike____________youlostlastweek?who/thatwho/whom/thatthatthat/which03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词示例6）Doyouknowthegirl______motherworkshere?7）Iliveintheroom____________windowfacessouth.→Iliveintheroomthewindow_________facessouth8）Pleaseshowmethebook_______coverisred.→Pleaseshowmethebookthecover__________isred.whosethat/whichwhoseofwhichofwhich03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词用法的注意事项1先行词表人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况1.先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，宜用whoEg:A.Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.B.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.C.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskshouldbecriticized.D.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词用法的注意事项1先行词表人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况2.先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用whoEg:ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.3.一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个已用that，另一个宜用whoEg:Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.4.在therebe开头的句子中宜用whoEg:Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词用法的注意事项2先行词指物时，宜用that不宜用which的情况1.先行词中即有人又有物，只能用thatEg:Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.先行词是形容词最高级或者被最高级修饰时，宜用thatEg:Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstairpollutionincities.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.3.先行词是序数词，或被序数词修饰，宜用thatThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系代词用法的注意事项2先行词指物时，宜用that不宜用which的情况4.主句中已有疑问词who或which，宜用thatEg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?5.先行词是all，much，little，something，anything，everything，nothing，none，theone等代词时，宜用thatEg:Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.6.先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，oneof，thesame，thevery等词修饰时宜用thatTheonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousamemoney.03如何用关系词引导定语从句如何用关系副词引导定语从句第一步：找出先行词，辨别先行词是指地点，时间，还是原因第二步：判断从句中所缺成分是否为状语，确定对应的关系副词先行词地点时间原因关系副词wherewhenwhy03如何用关系词引导定语从句关系副词如何引导定语从句1）Thisisthehouse+Iwasborninthehouse.=ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.ThisisthehouseIwasbornin.2）Iwillneverforgettheday+wejoinedthePartyontheday.=IwillneverforgetthedaywhenwejoinedtheParty.3）ThereasonwhyI’mcallingistoinviteyoutoaparty.whichthat可省略定语从句专项训练：一、单选1.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist___wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that2.Thegirl____anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging3.Anyone_______thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst4.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed5.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?（难）A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout03如何用关系词引导定语从句DACAD定语从句专项训练：二、用适当的关系代词、关系副词填空。1.Itwasthehottestplace__________Ihadeverbeenin.2.Istillremembertheday__________Marrymadeacakeforme.3.IborrowedthebikefromTom__________fatherisateacher.4.Thebeautifulcardisfrommyfriend__________livesinAustralia.5.Thisisthehouse__________Ilivedlastyear.6.Thisisthefactory__________Iworked2yearsago.7.Thisisthemostbeautifulpalace__________Ihaveevervisited.8.I'llneverforgettheday__________Ijoinedthearmy.03如何用关系词引导定语从句thatwhenwhosewho/thatwherewherethatwhen定语从句专项训练：9.willyouforgettheday__________wespenttogether？10.Hesucceededinthecompetition,_______madehisparentsveryhappy.11.Theschool_______heoncestudiedisveryfamous.12.Whoisthestudents________theteacheristalkingwith?13.Ilikethepresent__________youhavesenttome.14.Thisisthemostdifficultjob______wehaveeverdone.15.Wedon’tknowthereason______hedidn’tshowup.16.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?03如何用关系词引导定语从句that/whichwhichwherethatthat/whichthatwhywhen定语从句中需注意事项404定语从句中需注意事项1.宜用that不宜用which的情况；2.定语从句中的主谓一致；Eg:Themanwhoissingingismybrother;Ilovesingerswhowritertheirownmusic;3.关系代词和关系副词的区别判断，尤其当先行词是表示地点和时间时注意判断关系词在从句中所做的句法成分；本节小结505本节小结Thanks