定语从句课件-绝对经典系列

TheAttributiveClause定语从句知识准备什么是定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。.4.定语修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。akindgirl,abookonthedeskIhavehomeworktofinish.thefallenleavestheboywhoisverysmart基本结构Hewasholdingontoatreethatgrewagainstthewall.主句:Hewasholdingontoatree.从句：Atreegrewagainstthewall.还原定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who,whom(作宾语成分）,whose,that,which关系副词：when（时间）,where（地点）,why（原因）名词/代词+定语从句关系代词关系副词起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom(…的人）whose(某人的…）which(…东西，指物)that(…的人或物，指物或人）as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)why(…原因；…理由)关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleaseshouldbeready.2.Bill,whowasmystudent,askedmequestions.关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在定语从句中充当的成分所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替BillisaboywhoIteachhim.引导词先行词成分关系代词who人主，宾whom人宾(可省)which物主，宾(可省)that人或物主，宾可省whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定关系副词where(=介词+which)地点词状when(=介词+which)时间词状why(=forwhich)reason状关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。Thisistheplacewhere(inwhich)welivedtenyearsago.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.1.Thisisthepark(that)wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.2.Shewon’tforgetthedays(that)shespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。（1）Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.（3）Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.用关系副词和关系代词A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whoseB.以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory.因此选which2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where。3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即:thefactoryproducesallkinds…不作地点状语，因此选whichABB(1)Hangzhouistheplace______Iwentlastsummer.2)Hereadthebook______hissisterhadtoldhimabout.3)Thereason______Peterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.4)Iremembertheday______myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.5)Pleasegivemethereason______youwerelatethistime.6)Iwillgobacktotheplace______Igrewupandlivethereforever.Why/forwhichwherewhich/that/xWhen/onwhichwhyWhere/inwhich二.关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：Thisisthecar____whichIboughtlastyear.Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.Thisisthecar______whichIcan’tgotowork.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddownThisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.Thisisthecar____whichwetalked.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbroken/foroninwithoutbyataboutof2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomswithwhichI’mnotfamiliar.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.1)Thebook__________Iheardwaswritten20yearsago.2)Thepeople__________themanspokeweren’tlistening.3)Thefilm__________Ifellasleepwasveryboring.4)Thepen__________shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.5)Thelittlecreature__________scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.6)Thegun__________hewasshotwasneverfound.ofwhichtowhominwhichwithwhichinwhichbywhich三.Whose引起从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，即the+n+of+which/whom如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.四.限制和非限制性定语从句:restrictiveattributiveclause(无逗号)non-restrictiveattributiveclause(有逗号).XihuawhoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.Xihua,whoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.Therearethousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikeoursun.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch.Carlstillremembersoneafternooninhisfirstyearwhentheprofessortookthestudentstothechemistrylab.六、由as引导的定语从句as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。1.such…as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类”thesame…as…“和……同样的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。例如：Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.2.…suchas…such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。例如：ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.3.thesame…as…“和…同样的“thesame…that…“同一个”来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用as.例如:Sheisthesameageasyou(thatyouare.)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.4.…,as…“这些”，“正如…”as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。例如：HeisfromBeijing,as/whichtheyknowfromthewayhespeaks.一.that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which1.先行词为不定代词或被不定代词所修饰everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing,etc.e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.在who,which引导的特殊疑问句中,定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that;e.g.Whoisthemanthatiscrying?6.关系代词在从句中做表语，用that.Hedoesn’seemtotheman(that)hewas.7.在therebe结构中用thatThereisanewtypeofshoesthatyoumightbefondofThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.inthatTheChangjiangRiver,whichisthelongestriverinChina,runsfromwesttoeastintothesea.(t