unit_18_自由民主的澳大利亚Australia_as_a_Liberal_Democratic

AustraliaasaLiberalDemocraticSociety•Differentperspectives•Politicalsystem•Therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandeconomics•Conclusion•commitmenttodifferenceDifferentperspectivesDebatePluralisttheoryofpowerresults•Differentperspectives•Politicalsystem•Therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandeconomics•ConclusionWashminsterformofpolityWashingtonWestminsterThecomparisonandcontrastbetweenUKandAustaliaQueenPrimeministerUKParliamentTwohousesCabinet•Governor-general•Primeminister•Australianparliament•Twohouses•Cabinet•Governor-generalinAustralia•QuentinAliceLouiseBryceThegovernmentThree-tiersystem•CenterofAustralianparliamentary:•theprimeministerandhiscabinet•Atfederallevel:twohousesthehouseofRepresentatives/theLowerHouse;theSenate/theUpperHouse.•TheSenate:•doesnothavethepowertoenactlegislation(law);•considerandperhapsproposeamendmentstotheBills.•TheLowerHouse:•initiateamendmentsthattheSenateproposeTwopartiesAustralianLaborParty(ALP)CoalitionCitizensultimatelycontrolthegovernmentthroughtheelectoralsystemandvoteformembersofparliament.ThesystemofcompulsoryHowever,thereisnolawsayingthatcitizenscannotspoiltheirvotesocastingavoteperse[,pə:'sei,-'si:]本身isnotcompulsory.ateachelectionallcitizensofvotingage(over18years)mustattendtheirlocalelectoralstation.Thesystem’sadvantages•Thesystemsecurestransparencyandthusaccountability.•Citizenscanexerttheirpowerbetweenelectionsthroughtheirmembershipofmajorinterestgroups.Thesystem’sadvantages•PluralismprovidesforareadymadealternativegovernmentasthemajorOppositionpartycomprisesnotonlyback-benchers后座议员，即普通议员，butalso“shadowministers”anda“shadowcabinet”,whoaresufficientlyinformedaboutcurrentaspectsoftheirshadowportfolios部长职fortheoppositiontobecompetenttotakeovershouldanygovernmentcollapse.•Differentperspectives•Politicalsystem•Therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandeconomics•Conclusion•PincipleofLiberalSystem•Theeconomy•Thecontrolofthegovernment•Thedecreasingofthecontrol•Accordingtotheprinciplesofliberaltheory,governmentshouldplayonlyaminorpartinthenation'seconomy.governmentmarketfreeintervention“Freemarket”systempeoplepeoplepeoplepeoplepeoplepeoplepeoplepeopleIron,nickle…..Agriculture(foundation)economyHHHHHLongwoolboom(1820s-1830s)Goldrush(1850s)Governmentcontrol•Duringthelastdecadesof19thcenturytothepostworldwarⅡperiod.•domestic•Infranstructures（基础设施）inpeople’slife.•education、railway、sewerageworks(污水处理厂)、communicationsHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH•international•Tariffprotection(关税)•HarvesterJudgement(arbitrationsystem)•WhiteAustraliaPolicy(labourmigrationprogrammes)NO•Tariff↘•Unemploymentlevelsroseconsiderably•Differentperspectives•Politicalsystem•Therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandeconomics•ConclusionConclusion•Differences-basedcountrydifferentperspectives•Politicalsystemcabinet,parliament,partiesandvote•Therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandeconomyinvolvementsofgovernmentchangeswiththetime•Politicaleconomydifferentopinions•Currentchangesandproblems