毕业设计基于LabVIEW的PID控制器的设计

毕业设计(论文)基于LabVIEW的PID控制器的设计系别自动化工程系专业测控技术与仪器班级学号5060811姓名王若飞指导教师曲秀云2010年6月15日东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文）第I页基于LabVIEW的PID控制器的设计摘要本文介绍一种利用LabVIEW8.6软件设计的PID控制器。PID控制器是一种线性的控制器，具有原理简单、易于整定、使用方便和控制性能较强的优点，它能够对三阶以内的线性控制系统快速准确的确定P、I和D三个参数和阶跃响应曲线。同时，可以给出控制系统开环或者闭环的阶跃响应。PID控制器因为结构简单、容易实现，并且具有较强的鲁棒性，因而被广泛应用于各种工业过程控制中。作为一种广泛的控制规律，PID控制在相当长的一段时间内，并没有因为各种先进控制算法的出现而遭到淘汰，相反，经过时间的考验，PID控制仍然在各种控制技术中占着主导地位。随着计算机技术、大规模集成电路技术和通讯技术的飞速发展，仪器技术领域发生了巨大的变化，虚拟测试技术引入了仪器领域。随着相关软件的不断诞生，虚拟仪器将会逐步取代传统的测试仪器而成为测试仪器的主流。LabVIEW是实验室虚拟仪器集成环境的简称，是美国国家仪器公司（NATIONALINSTRUMENTS，简称NI）的创新软件产品，也是目前应用最广、发展最快、功能最强的图形化软件开发集成环境（G语言）。LabVIEW强大的硬件驱动、图形显示能力和便捷的快速程序设计，为过程控制和工业自动化应用提供了优秀的解决方案。该控制器适用于机电、冶金、机械、化工等各个工业生产部门的过程控制系统中，减少了临界比例度等方法进行调整各个参数的繁琐过程，为各领域的过程控制系统提供了方便，节省了时间，大大的提高了生产效率。关键词：虚拟仪器,PID控制器,LabVIEW8.6,G语言东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文）第II页ThedesignofPIDcontrollerbasedonVirtualDeviceAuther：WangRuofeiTutor：QuXiuyunAbsrtactThetextintroducesaPIDcontrollerwhichisdesignedbyLabview8.6.PIDcontrollerisalinearcontroller,whichhassuchadvantagesassimpleprinciples,easysetting,convenientapplicationandstrongcontrolperformance.Itcanquicklyandexactlydefinethreeparameters—P、I、D—forlinearcontrolsystembelowthreeorders,andaccuratelydeterminethestepresponsecurveoftheopenloopandtheclosedloopsystems.Atthesametime,maygivethecontrolsystemsplit-ringortheclosedloopstepresponse.Becauseofthesimplestructure,easytorealize,andthestrongrobustness,thePIDcontrolleriswidelyappliedineachcommercialruncontrol.Asonekindofwidespreadcontrolrule,thePIDcontrolinquitelongperiodoftime,hasnotbeeneliminatedbecauseofeachkindofadvancedcontrolalgorithmappearance,onthecontrary,theprocesstimetest,thePIDcontrolwasstilloccupyingthedominantpositionineachkindofcontroltechnology.Alongwiththecomputertechnology,thelargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologyandthecommunicationtechnologyrapiddevelopment,theinstrumentareaoftechnologyhashadthehugechange,thehypothesizedtesttechnologyhasintroducedtheinstrumentdomain.Alongwiththecorrelationsoftwareunceasingbirth,thehypothesizedinstrumentwillbeabletosubstitutefortraditionalthemeasuringinstrumenttobecomethemeasuringinstrumentgraduallythemainstream.LabVIEWisthelaboratoryhypothesizedinstrumentintegrationenvironmentabbreviation,isAmericanCountryInstrumentCompany(NATIONALINSTRUMENTS,iscalledNI)innovationsoftwareproduct,alsoisatpresentapplies,thedevelopmentbroadlyfrank,thefunctionstrongestpresentinfiguresanddiagramssoftwaredevelopmentintegrationenvironment.TheLabVIEWformidablehardwareactuates,thegraphicaldisplayabilityandtheconvenientfastprogramming（Graphicalprogram）,hasprovidedtheoutstandingsolutionfortheprocesscontrolandtheindustrialautomationapplication.Thiscontrollerisapplicableformanyfieldsinprocesscontrolsystem,anditreducesthetrivialprocessofthemethodlikethresholdproportionalband.Italsosuppliesconvenienceforprocesscontrolsystemineveryfield,savesthetime,andimprovestheproductionefficiency东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文）第III页greatly.Keywords:VirtualDevice、PIDcontroller、Labview8.6、Graphicalprogram东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文）第IV页目录1绪论...................................................................11.1引言.............................................................................................................................11.2课题研究的背景与意义.............................................................................................11.3国内外研究的状况与成果.........................................................................................21.4设计研究的思路和主要内容.....................................................................................22虚拟仪器基础..........................................................42.1虚拟仪器技术.............................................................................................................42.1.1虚拟仪器概念..................................................................................................42.1.2虚拟仪器的发展历程......................................................................................42.1.3虚拟仪器的体系结构......................................................................................52.1.4虚拟仪器的优势技术......................................................................................72.1.5虚拟仪器将来的发展方向..............................................................................82.2labview软件平台.....................................................................................................82.2.1labview的简介................................................................................................82.2.2选用labVIEW设计控制器的优势所在.........................................................92.2.3labview的操作模板......................................................................................92.2.4创建VI...........................................................................................................132.3本节小结...................................................................................................................173PID算法及基本知识....................................................183.1模拟PID控制器.................................................................................................