现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4_Book3

GilbertHighetDiogenesandAlexanderReinforcementTextAnalysisDiogenesandAlexanderBackgroundWarmingupUnit4Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarmingupDiogenesandAlexanderUnit4WarmingupQuestions/Activities1.WhatdoestheauthortellusaboutDiogenes?Whowashe?Whatwashisphilosophy?Whatdidhethinkwastheproblemwithpeople?Howdidheintendtohelpthem?Whatwerethekeyvalueshepromoted?How,inhisopinion,couldwefindtruehappiness?2.WhatdoestheauthortellusaboutAlexander?WhatdidthiskinghaveincommonwithDiogenes,thebeggar?WhywasAlexanderconsideredamanofdestiny?3.Howwouldyoucontrastthetwocharacters?WhydidAlexanderdecidetovisitDiogenes?WhatdidDiogenesreallymeanwhenhesaidthatAlexanderwasblockingthesunlight?Definethefollowingwordsandphrases:1.amischievouspebble(para.1)2.elaborate(para.4)3.bydesign(para.6)4.restrained(para.12)5.chivalrous(para.12)WarmingupCheck-onPreviewParaphrase:1.Livewithoutconventions,whichareartificialandfalse;escapecomplexitiesandextravagances:onlysocanyouliveafreelife.(para.4)2.Hislife’saimwascleartohim:itwas“torestampthecurrency”:totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife,toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings,andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues.(para.5)WarmingupCheck-onPreviewObjectives1.Content:•differencesandsimilaritiesbetweenDiogenesandAlexander•Cynicismanditspresentsignificance•philosophyvs.power2.Writing:comparisonandcontrast•Diogenes—Alexander•Diogenes—otherbeggars/hermits/philosophers•Alexander—otherMacedonians(officers&officials)Here,thealternatingcomparison/contrast(subjectbysubject)isused.WarmingupBackgroundAlexanderDiogenesDiogenesandAlexanderUnit4BackgroundDiogenes1.WhowasDiogenes?•Abeggar•Aphilosopher•Amissionary2.Doctrine:Cynicismthedoctrinethatscornedworldlyneedsandpleasuresandheldthatvirtuewasthekeytotheonlygood:thebeliefofacynic,whomaintainsthatpeopleareallmotivatedbyselfishness,thatnoonewillhelpothersforgoodandsincerereasons2.Whatarethemajortenets(principles)ofCynicism?Doyoufindanyexpressionsoftheseprinciplesinthetext?•self-sufficiency•shamelessness•outspokenness•perfectionofvirtueDiogenesBackgroundAlexander•MacedonianKing:sonofPhilip•TheThinker:studentofAristotle•TheConqueror:Greece,Asia,Egypt–Whydoyouthinkhewantedtobringsomanyregionsunderhisrule?BackgroundAlexandertheGreat’sEmpireAlexanderBackgroundAlexandertheGreat’sEmpireAlexanderDetailedAnalysisStructureTextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenesandAlexanderUnit4Diogenes:thebeggar(paras.1-3)TextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:afreemanOtherpeople:half-menShelterFurnitureDressFoodPossessionsNatureofthelifecask,astoragejarmadeofearthenwareahouse(big,withmanyrooms)nonebeds,chairs,etc.(elaborate)blanket(half-naked)clothes(expensive)bitsoffoodbeggedfromothers,drinkingfromhishollowedhandselaboratenonehorses,servants,bankaccounts(anxious)alifebychoice,outofprinciple→natural,healthy,independentalifeasslavesoftheirpossessions→artificial,anxious,lossofvirtueDiogenes:thebeggar(paras.1-3)Therearecontrastswithinthebroadcontrast.•HowdidDiogenescontrastwithordinaryhomelesspeople?TextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:thephilosopher(para.4)1.“ASocratesgonemad”:repositioningofconventionbelownatureandreason2.Threekeyprinciples:•livinginaccordwithnature•totaldisregardofconvention•independence(freedom)beingtheonlytrue,lastinggoodTextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:themissionary(para.5)1.Comparisonwithordinaryhermits•Similarities:Bothgrewtiredofhumansocietywithitscomplicationsandwantedtolivesimply.•Differences:TextAnalysishermitswentawaytolivesimply—onasmallfarm,inaquietvillageoracaveDiogeneshadasenseofmission,deliberatelychosetoliveinthebusystreetsinAthensorCorinth,inordertoconvertpeopleCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:themissionary(para.5)2.Whatwashismission?•“torestampthecurrency”•callpeoplebacktothenaturalwayoflife—truelifeTextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:waysofteaching(para.6)1.HowdidDiogenesdifferfromotherphilosophersofhistime?•Plato:taughthisprivatepupilsinhisAcademy,whichhefoundedasoneoftheearliestcentersofadvancedlearningintheworld.•Aristotle:taughthisownprivatepupilsbytheuseoflaboratory,instruments,andspecimens.•Diogenes:taughtallthosewhowouldcaretolistenbyhisownexampleorbytakingpeoplearoundhimforexamples.TextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes:waysofteaching(para.6)2.Hecarriedalightedlampinbroaddaylightandinspectedthefaceofeveryonehemet.TextAnalysis“Whenyouareallsobusy,IfeelIoughttodosomething!”CharacterAnalysisAlexander:citizenoftheworld(paras.11-13)1.King:differentfromotherMacedonians•drinking?•women?•fighting?2.Thinker:Aristotle’spupil,helearned•culture•philosophy•principlesofscientificresearch3.Conqueror•tookcommandoftheLeagueofGreekStates•commander-in-chiefofanewexpeditionagainstold,rich,corruptAsiaTextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisCharacterAnalysisTextAnalysis“Standtooneside.You’reblockingthesunlight.”TheDramaticEncounter(paras.14-17)Thedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwohistoricalcharacters.1.Differences2.SimilaritiesTextAnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenesAlexanderPhysicalappearanceIdent