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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 2014-2015四级培训(阅读技巧篇)长篇阅读找对应段落
2015.12.大学英语四级阅读技巧之长篇阅读(信息匹配)占总分值10%--71/710阅读时间—15分钟李洁长篇阅读(信息匹配题)包括大约1000个单词左右,8-18个不等段落的篇章。每篇文章中的超纲词不多于5个,如果是超纲词,会在其后用括号注明其在文中的汉语意思题后给出10句陈述,每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落,每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落。一般一个段落对应一题;有的段落可能对应两题或更多,有多次被选的可能;有的段落可能不对应任何一题。信息匹配题的特点1.乱序;2.同义转换;3.通常超细节;4.特殊印刷体极少。阅读题干获得相关信息题干中的细节信息往往反映文章的主旨或段落主题,考生可据此了解原文内容。段落信息匹配题的一般解题步骤是:读题干并确定关键词(中心词)——去原文中定位关键词——分析定位句——分析题干——最大程度匹配,确定答案。在解题的先后顺序上,采用先易后难的策略。解题思路Step1快速通读文章(skimming),标题、副标题、首段、段落首、尾主题句、段落重要观点句,注意文章结构和细节串联,熟悉文章的题材,抓住文章大意,使后续阅读及解题有了大方向。Step2仔细阅读给出的10句话(statements),明确标出句中易于查找的细节词,如数字、大写、核心名词、态度词汇等,掌握问题类型。Step3快速查读(scanning),根据10句话中的细节词迅速找出相应段落,确定段落内容与题干信息是否对应。答题原则1)关键词定位原则。2)关键词非首次出现原则。3)出题非顺序原则。4)匹配原则。句子与原文定位处需有明确的匹配关系:同义改写(同义替换),正话反说,反话正说,归纳概括等语言层面的改写和替换。5)非一一对应原则:有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。6)题目非照抄原文原则教你快速在阅读中回原文找信息一、关于定位词正确理解“定位词”这个概念。当你在火车站接一个陌生人,他可能会告诉你他手里有一束鲜花,那么定位词就是那束鲜花。Thatistosay,youwillmeetastrangepersonwithabunchofflowerinhishands。火车站到处是陌生人,所以astrangeperson不是定位词,而修饰限定这个人的abunchofflower是定位词。定位词是一个locationmark,它帮助你找到题目在原文所对应的信息。定位词的特点定位词应该具有稳定,醒目,独特的特点,在扫读文章时容易被发现和识别。1.时间、数字eg.Theauthorpermitsherchildrentousethescreenforatmosthalfanhour.(2014.6.2-55)2.人名,地名,机构等大写专有名词、合成词等。eg.Piedmontwasatownofimmigrantfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.定位词3.不容易被同义替换的n,a,v.尤其是n,在文中原样出现的机率最高,而且容易发现辨识。eg.Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.(2014.12.1-54)eg.Ifpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasureagainstsugarconsumption.(2014.12.1-51)关于scanning的速度搞清scanning和skimming的区别。skimming(略读)是一个只见森林不见树木的过程,这个过程是要识别句子中的mainpoints,段落中的importantsentences,以及organizationoftheparagraph。所以,在略读时,是要理解重要词汇的意思的。scanning(查读)是一个只见树木不见森林的过程,这个过程只需要查找定位词在原文中的位置,以便确定原文中考点信息的位置,理解与scanning无关。因为scanning的过程只是在查找,所以,在这个时候,所有词汇都蜕变为符号。定位词是个符号,原文所有词都是符号。scanning是个符号对应的过程。眼睛如探照灯,同时扫过好几行——找符号。纠正scanning的错误,就是纠正在查读过程中,总是想词汇意思的习惯。以2014.12-1真题为例通读十个题干,找出最好理解的句子入手。46.Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople’shealthaswellassavemedicalexpenses.(定位词定位+归纳转换)--B(Butitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea–farfromnew--thatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronicillhealth,andatthesametimesavetheNationalHealthServiceatleast£14billionayearinEnglandandWales)47.Lawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsordrinks.(定位词定位+同义替换)--N(Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.…Whatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelsofsugarsyrupsusedinfoodsanddrinks.)48.Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse.(明显定位词定位)--M(Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse)以2014.12-1真题为例49.Lookingaround,theauthorfoundobesityquitewidespread.(定位词定位+同义转换)--A(…obesityleadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,…Thesepeoplearepartofwhatiswithoutexaggerationanepidemicofobesity.)50.Thenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewdecades.(定位词定位+同义转换)--E(…eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050)51.Ifpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.(定位词定位)--C(…ifpeoplereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokickthehabit,…theymightevenfeeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff)以2014.12-1真题为例52.Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningtoimposeanadditionaltaxonsugarydrinks.(定位词定位)--G(…ontopoftheexisting2percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbeanexcellentstart.)53.Thegovernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.(定位词定位+概括归纳转换)--O(InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidthegovernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,…However,nothinghashappened.)54.Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.(明显定位词定位)--H(Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfatandsaltpaleintoinsignificantcomparedwiththeharmdonebysugar)55.Consumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecausetheycannottellwhatfoodissugary.(同义替换+归纳概括)--L(Butsugaraddictivearenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.…isnotreallytheirownfault)Keywordsandphrasesbansth.取缔,查禁ban/prevent/prohibit/stop/restrain/hindersb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事eg.Theymightevenfeeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff.forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人干某事farfrom/notatall一点儿也不。Eg.Thereisasimpleidea–farfromnew.spare/save拯救eg.Itcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronicillhealth.lineupagainst联合起来反对eg.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethevestedinterests(既得利益集团)linedupagainstanysugarcontrolInlinewith与…一致,与…符合eg.However,wehavealreadyreachedtemperaturesthatareinlinewithotherminimum-iceperiods,socontinuedwarmingislikelynotnatural.(2014.6-1)imposesth.on…将…强加于…eg.Thefirstisimposingataxof20%onsugarydrinksforatleastayear.turnstraightto直接转化为…eg.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksturnstraighttofatotherthan除了…eg.Itisdifficulttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanplain,unpreparedmeat,fishorvegetables,thatdoesn’thavealargesamountsugarinit.Keywordsa
本文标题:2014-2015四级培训(阅读技巧篇)长篇阅读找对应段落
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