研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文(1245789单元)

Unit1AnImageoraMirage?Thereisadistinctdifferencebetweenawinningimageandamirage.Amirageisanillusion,andinyourquestforawinningimage,youmustbecapableofidentifyingsuchmirages.Oneofthecommonmisreadimagesstemsfromwhatpeoplethinkabouteyecontact.Howmanytimeshaveyouheard,“Youcantellhe’sanhonestmanbecausehelooksyoustraightintheeye.”Evidently,manypeoplemustbelievethatadishonestmanfeelssoashamedthathe’snottellingthetruththathecan’tevenfacethemdirectly.Butwhataboutanhonestindividualwhoistooshytolookstraightatyou?Furthermore,agoodcanartistknowsthatmanypeoplejudgeintegritybythewayonelooksatthem,sohedeliberatelyincludeseyecontactinhisact.Becauseyoucan’tcountoneyecontactasaninfallibletest,youshouldneveruseittoevaluateanotherperson’shonesty.Nonetheless,sincemostpeopledojudgeothersbythiscriterion,besurethatyoualwayslookthemsquarelyintheeye.Evaluatingaman’shonestybythewayhelooksatyoumakesnomoresensethanjudginghisintegritybythewayyourdogorcatreactstohim.Yethowmanytimeshaveyouheardadog’smastersay,“That’sinteresting—Thordoesn’ttaketostrangersveryoften.He’sagoodjudgeofhumannature,andthefactthathe’sfriendlywithyoutellsmesomegoodthingsaboutyou.”OncewhenIwasinthehomeofamprospect,hiscat,Tiger,tooksuchalikingtomethathesatonmyshoulderduringmyentiresalespresentation.WhenIwasfinished,myprospect’swifesaid,“Mr.Shook,Tigeronlydoesthatwithmembersofourimmediatefamily.Youmustbeaveryhonestpersonforhertobesofriendlytoyou.”ThetruthofthematterwasthatIrefrainedfrompushingthecatoffbecauseIwasafraidshe’dripmysuitorscratchmyeyesout.However,Ireplied,“Yes,ma’am,Tigerobviouslyhassomekindofinstinctthatenableshertoaccuratelyjudgehumans.Shesureisagoodjudgeofcharacter.”EventhoughTigerhappenedtoberightinmycase,Ipersonallyputverylittlefaithinananimal’sinstinctualabilitytojudgepeople.I’dsayhisreactionshavemoretodowithodorsandbodymovement.Somepeoplejudgeanotherpersonbythewayheorsheshakeshands.Agood,stronggriprepresentscharacter,whilea“deadfish”handshake!isabadsign.1,too,disliketheflabbyhandshakewithnolifetoit,butIamcarefulnotmtouseitasabasisforjudginganindividual.Again,it’stooeasyforaconartisttoputaheartyhandshakeintohisact.Thoughyoushouldgiveafirmhandshakesoyou’llimmediatelycreateagoodimpression,don’tplacetoomuchweightonthenextfellow’sgrip;itdoesn’ttellyouanythingconcreteabouthim.There’scertainclean-cutappearancethatcreatesanhonestimage.Forexample,ablond,blue-eyedyoungmanwithaboyishgrinandalookthattypifiestheboy-next-door,All-Americantype’willalmostalwaysinspireconfidenceinmothers.Thereisnologicalreasonforplacingsuchblindfaithinamansimplybecauseofthewayhelooks,yetmostpeopledomakesuchquickjudgments.Conversely,theseedymanwithdarkoilyskin,greasyblackhair,andamoustacheisnotconsideredhonest-looking.Similarly,awomanmayhavethemlookswhichareusuallyassociatedwiththoseofastreetwalker,whereasahigh-pricedcallgirlmaylookrefinedandrefreshing.Naturally,clothesand—inthecaseofwomen—cosmetics,haveagreatdealtodowithsuchaforementionedappearances,butunfortunatelyaperson’smnaturallooks,overwhichheorshehaslittlecontrol,playanimportantpartinthejudgmentsmostpeoplewillmake.Ipitythehard-working,honestsalesmanwhowasbornwiththelooksthatmakepeopleautomaticallythink,“He’snotthekindofmanI’dwanttobuyausedcarfrom!”Ontheotherhand,averydeviousindividualmaylooklikethetypeyoucantrust.Howcanyoubesurethatthehitchhikerwholookssoclean-cutisanylessdangerousthantheonewho,becauseofhisappearance,lookslikearisk?Andhowcanyoubesurethatthisonereallyisarisk?Thepointisthatwearemostoftenbeingcompletelyunreasonableinmakingsuchsnapdecisions.Onalargerscale,votersoftenreactfavorablytoapoliticiansimplybecauseofhisclean-cutappearance.Hisopponentisoftenjudgednegativelybecausehehasnotbeenblessedwithnaturallooksthatgeneratetrust.Thiskindofjudgmentiserroneous,andtheconsequencescanproducedevastatingresults.Granted,manypeoplevoteforacandidatestrictlybecauseofpoliticalissues,buttheclean-cutimagecantipthescalesinfavorofthewrongmaninacloseelection.Wemakesnapjudgmentsaboutpeopleonthebasisofhowtheyexpressthemselves.Toreverttopolitics,manyvotersjudgeacandidate’sabilitybythewayhemakesapublicspeech.Butthoughacandidatemaybeaneffectivespeaker,hemaynotbecapableofdoingthejobforwhichheisrunning.Iknowmanyhighlytalentedmenwhosimplyhavenotdevelopedanabilitytospeakwellinpublic,butwhoareexcellentincommunicatingwithothersonaone-to-onebasis.Theabilitytoexpressyourselfstronglyisalwaysimportant,butwearetoooftenwronglyimpressedbythemanwhocomesacrossaseloquent,sinceitisalwayspossiblethatthisvirtueisonly“skin-deep.”Yetitiseasytoimagineapoliticianwithaclean-cutlookandamagneticspeakingvoicerompingalloverhisunassumingbutbetterqualifiedopponent.Hewinssolelybecausehisimageisconvincing.Aftermanyyearsofinterviewingandhiringsalesmen,Ihavereachedtheconclusionthatthemanwiththeglibtonguedoesn’tnecessarilybecomethetopproducer.Thoughthereisadefiniteadvantageinhavinga“natural”sellingpersonality,moreoftenthannotthesalesmanwithgoodworkinghabits,propermotivation,andcommitmentistheonewhobecomesthebestinhiscompany.Toooften,thesalesmanagerwhohiressalesmensimplybecauseof