情态动词+have done表推测

“情态动词+have+过去分词”表推测性的用法（1）“could/can+have+过去分词”有时表示“过去可能完成（本能够做,本可以做，本应该做）而事实上并未实现的动作”含有惋惜的感情。Hecan’thavecalledonheryesterday.WherecanTomhavegone?Wecouldnothaveheardwhathesaidbecauseofthenoiseintheclassroom.Youcouldhavedonetheworkbetter.你本来可以做得更好（2）may/might+have+过分分词，表示对过去事情的推测，一般不用于疑问句，虽然may/might均指过去，但might表示推测的可能性和实际情况相反，含有“责备，抱怨”之意，译为“可能,或许，本可以已经．．．．”如：Itisnousegoingtoheroffice,shemayhavegonehome.去她的办公室没有用，她也许回家了。Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本来可以早一点来呀。（3）must+have+过去分词，表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测。一般只用于肯定句（疑问句和否定句中用can/can’t）常译为“准是…，一定是…”如：LiHuawassowet,shemusthavefallenintothewater.李华全身都湿了，她一定是掉进水里了。WherecanSmithhaveputthematches?Can’thehavethrownthemaway?史密斯把火柴放哪儿了？他不会把火柴扔了吧？含must+have+过去分词结构的句子，其反意疑问句不可以用mustn’t,应根据句子的时间状语，分别采用didn’t或haven’t(hasn’t)等。如：Shemusthavetoldyouaboutityesterday,didn’tshe?Hemusthavelivedhereforalongtime,hasn’the?4）needn’t+have+过去分词，表示没有必要做或不需要做某事，常用于否定句，表示过去不必做或不需要做的事情，但都已经做过了。Therewasplentyoftime,youneedn’thavehurried.Youneedn’thavegonetothestation.(5)oughtto/should+have+过去分词，这种结构表示对过去事情的推测，oughtto的语气比should强。在肯定句中，表示过去“本应该做而未做的动作；”而在否定句中则表示过去“本不该发生却发生了的事情。”如：Youshould/oughttohavecomeearlier.你应该早点儿来。Youshouldn’t/oughtnottohavedoneityourself.你本不应该自己做那项工作的。HowIregrettedthedayswhenIplayedandshouldhavestudied.我多么后悔那本该用来学习却玩掉了的时光。Choosebestanswerforeachblank.1)---Itoldhimthenewsjustnow.---Really?You_______him.Heknewitalready.A.shouldn'thavetoldB.mayhavetoldC.needn'thavetoldD.couldn'thavetold2)---Ican'tfindmypenanywhere.I_______it.---That'simpossible.Isawyouwritingwithittenminutesago.A.mightloseB.wouldhave'lostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelostCD3)---ThatmustbeJack.---Itcan'tbehim.He________withinsuchashorttime.Hesaidhewouldcallmeassoonashearrived.A.mustn'thavearrivedB.shouldn'thavearrivedC.can‘thavearrivedD.neednothavearrived4)---WhereareJoanandMary?---Ithinkthey__________early.A.shouldhaveleftB.musthaveleftC.canhaveleftD.needn'thaveleftCB8)---Johnpassedtheexam,althoughhedidn'tstudyverymuchforit.---Theexam________difficult.A.can’thavebeenB.musthavebeenC.couldn’tbeD.mighthavebeen9)---Iwonderwhytheyarelate.---They_________thetrain.A.canmissB.mayhavemissedC.couldmissD.mightmiss10)---He_________tohelpusyesterday,buthedidn‘t.---Youmustforgivehim.Hewasillyesterday.A.shouldhavecomeB.couldhavecomeC.musthavecomeD.canhavecomeABA高考链接（2010安徽）1.Jackdescribedhisfather,who_______abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong–willedman.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen解析：句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用musthavebeen表示对过去事情的肯定推测。答案：D.（2010山东）2.I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t解析：句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的----它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’thavedone,所以A项正确。答案：A（2010天津）3.Markhavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。解析：根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用needn’thavedone结构，表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。答案：A.(2009福建)4.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonB(2009江苏)5.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe_____itdifferently.A.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressedC（2008山东）6.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanagedB2008江西）8.Whatapity！Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he____better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedoneD（2007浙江）9.—Mycat’sreallyfat.—You______havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’tC（2007江西)10.—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You_____itinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveputD