英语语音语调知识.

语音语调知识语音语调知识1.发音器官2.音标3.音节4.单词重音规则5.句子重音6.音变6.1元音的清晰度6.2音长6.3失去爆破/不完全爆破6.4连读6.5同化6.6元音省略和弱化7.词尾读音8.连读9.意群和停顿10.语调影响英语发的主要器官：唇、齿、舌、腭、鼻腔、声带1.发音器官2.音标--元音单元音舌位前/i://i//e//æ/后/ə://ə//ʌ/中/ɑ://ɔ://ɔ//u://u/双元音合口/ai//ei//ɔi//au//əu/集中/iə//ɛə//uə/Kingsoft体Jones体/i://ɪ//e//æ//ɜ://ə//ʌ//ɑ://ɔ://ɒ//u://ʊ//aɪ//eɪ//ɔɪ//aʊ//əʊ//ɪə//eə//ʊə/辅音发音方式辅音音标数量舌边音l1半元音wj2鼻辅音mnŋ3爆破音pbtdkɡ6摩擦音szfvθðʃʒrh10破擦音ʧʤʦʣtrdr6辅音清ptkfsθʃʧʦtr浊bdgvzðʒʤʣdr清浊成对有10双清辅音：h浊辅音:rlwjmnŋ声带振动ListeningExercise–Soundsforinformation1.Thespeakerwantstohavealookatthe_______.A.cartB.card2.Whatwasthegirldoing?A.Sopping.B.Sobbing.3.Themanmustbefondof________.A.writingB.riding4.Whatdidthemando?A.Hehitthedog.B.Hehidthedog.5.Theboyswere_________.A.prayingB.playing6.Whataretheygoingtodo?A.Tryit.B.Dryit.Soundsinperceptionandproduction1.a.Whatdoesfaithmean?Belief.b.Whatdoesfacemean?Surface.2.a.Howdoyouspellmath?MATH.b.Howdoyouspellmass?MASS.3.a.HowdoyoulikeRod'splace?I'veneverbeentohisplace.b.HowdoyoulikeRod'splays?Mostofthemareverygood.4.a.Didanyoneexplaintheloss?Yes.Itwasaterribleloss.b.Didanyoneexplainthelaws?Yes.Itwasquitecomplicated.5.a.Where'stheotherhalf?It'sinthedesk.b.Where'stheotherhearth?Lookforthefireplace.ListeningExercise–Sounddiscrimination1.thinthing2.winwing3.tontongue4.sanesame5.shesee6.yokejoke7.finthin8.yetjet9.westvest10.worseverse11.truechew12.twicetrice13.leafreef14.blightbright15.fleshfresh3.音节1、音节一般是以元音来划分的，一个元音就是一个音节一个音节：eye,friend二个音节：our,blackboard2、一些辅音因发音响亮（成音节辅音），也可自成音节成音节辅音：/l,m,n/bottle,people,cotton,bottom3.1音节的类型--11、开音节：以元音字母结尾的音节hi,herelation,secret，notion2、相对开音节:以辅音字母和一个不发音的-e结尾的音节name,scene,amusement3、闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的音节map,bag,dullvictory,umbrella,instruction音节的类型--24、元音字母组合音节wait,play,beneath,believe,snowy,surround,certainly5、-r(-re)音节various,serious,fire,ourduring/’vɛəriəs//’siəriəs//’faiə//’auə//dju:əriŋ/6、成音节辅音音节:bottle,bottom,button3.2音节的划分--11.在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母（辅音字母组合和r除外），一般一个属于前一音节，一个属后面音节。例：let-ter,Eng-lish,ap-ple。2.在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，一般这个辅音字母属后一音节，例：stu-dent,lo-tus。3.在两个音节相邻处有两个r时，一个属前一音节，一个属后一音节，前面的元音节按闭音节读音，例：sor-ry,mar-ry,mir-ror,bor-row音节的划分--24.相邻音节是元音字母+r+其它辅音字母时，元音字母+r属于前面的重读音节，例：fur-ther,cir-cle5.相邻的音节是元音字母+r+其它元音字母时，r属于前面的重读音节，按re音节的规则读音，例：dur-ing,ser-ious。6.有字母组合的单词划分音节时，一定要将字母组合划在一个音节内，例：neigh-bour,plea-sure给下列双音节词划分音节，并标出重读音节localfreedommusicfinishcultureablehonournationdiscussbirthdayblackboard12.arrive13.beside14.compare15.connect16.enlarge17.employ18.expense19.inform20.mistake21.prepare22.repeat23.depend24.perfect(v.)25.import(v.)26.present(v.)27.object(v.)28.protest(n.)29.herself30.machine单词的重读规则4.音节的重读规则--1一、单音节：重读二、双音节词1、大多数词的重音在第一音节上；2、重音在第二个音节上的规律：1）单词有前缀:alike,mistake2)与名词或形容词同形的动词increase,perfect,object,record3)反身代词4）少数来自法语的词汇：machine,police,hotel音节的重读规则--2三、多音节词1、重音一般在倒数第二个音节remember,establish,important2、有前缀的，重音在词根上，即在前缀后的音节determine,encourage,invisible,inadequate,3、带有后缀的多音节词的重音在后缀前一个音节上musician,politician,energetic,electricity4、下列后缀重读--eeemployee,interviewee,trainee--eerengineer,volunteer5、下列后缀前两个音节重读--tivenegative,relativeReadaloud重读音节1.reality2.conflict3.affect4.reframe5.technique6.negative7.defeat8.grateful9.cherish10.performance11.depression12.commercial13.spokesman14.viewpoint15.audience16.practical17.productive18.commitment19.essential20.distributor5.句子重音1、实义词重读名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、感叹词和某些代词（指示代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词）2、功能词不重读冠词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、联系动词、连词和介词（单音节介词）Therearecertain“safe”topicsthatpeopleusuallymakesmalltalksabout.Theweatherisprobablythenumberonethingthatpeoplewhodonotknoweachotherwilldiscuss.Anothertopicthatisgenerallysafeiscurrentevents.Aslongasyouarenotdiscussingacontroversialissue,suchasarecentlawconcerningequalrights,itisusuallysafetodiscussthenews.6.音的变化元音：清晰度音长变化省略、弱化辅音：浊化同化失去爆破在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。6.1元音的清晰度1、amount,delay,export,authentic【元音在重读音节前,发音模糊】2、corporate,popular,family,favorite,dictionary【连续两个或几个轻读音节结尾，前面的轻读音节模糊】6.2音长音长：重读音节中元音的长短音节内后面没有辅音后面有浊辅音后面有清辅音staystayedstateteateamteachmusicamusecute6.3省略与弱化省略:在多音节的词中，非重读音节的元音/ə/或/i/会被省略factory,history,university,seldom,practical缩略与弱化：you’re,I’dliketo,I’ll，They’ve1.a/eI//ə/We'vegotadog.2.an/æn//ən/Takeanapple.3.her/hə://hə/,/ə:/,/ə/What'shername?4.his/hIz//Iz/Johnhadhishaircut.5.our/aʊə//ɑ:/Wecandoitonourown.6.some/sʌm//səm/,/sm/Getmesomewater.7.the/ði://ðI/,/ðə/Theysawtheyoungandtheold.8.your/jɔ://jə/Takeyourtime.9.he/hi://hI/,/I/Whatdidhedo?10.me/mi://mI/Letmehavealook.11.she/ʃi://ʃI/Didshecome?12.them/ðem//ðəm/,/ðm/Letthemgo.13.us/ʌs//əs/Hetoldusastory.14.we/wi://wI/Hereweare.WordsSFWFSamplesentence15.you/ju://jʊ/Didyouseemypen?16.him/hIm//Im/Givehimapen.17.am/æm//əm/,/m/I'mproudofit.18.are/ɑ://ə/Whatareyoudoing?19.be/bi://bI/Don'tbelate.20.can/kæn//kən/,/kn/WhatcanIdo?21.do/du://də/,/d/WhatdoyoudoonSundays?22.does/dʌz//dəz/Whendoesthetrainleave?23.had/hæd//həd/,/əd/,/d/Howmanyhadhehad?24.has/hæz//həz/,/əz/,/z/,/s/Whathashappened?25.have/hæv//həv/,/əv/,/v/Thekidshavegone.26.is/Iz//z/,/s/Heiscoming.27.must/mʌst//məst/,/məs/Wemustgonow.28.shall/ʃæl//ʃəl/,/əl/Whatshallwedo?WordsSFWFSamplesentenceWordsSFWeakformSamplesentence29.was/w