高考英语语法定语从句的优质课件ppt

ByMoLingqiao定语从句高考考点例析Thebestwayyoucanget历年高考中，相对集中地考查定语从句引导词，特别是非限制性定语从句的引导及关系代词和关系副词的选用。涉及的题型有单项填空、完型填空和短文改错。1ToreviewcommonknowledgeontheAttributiveClauses.2TodeveloptheabilitytousetheAttributiveClauses.1.定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.2.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“”.3.引导定语从句的词叫“”.名词代词先行词关系词HowmanykindsofAttributiveClausesarethere?定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).Doyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).whenwherewhy考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive).Thehouse____________(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.________________whereinwhichwhich/that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace_____(flowersareseenalltheyearround).Thewindow(__________wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.whereWhich/that考点二：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.考点二：that和which的选择②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.考点二：that和which的选择④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.考点二：that和which的选择⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.考点二：that和which的选择⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?考点二：that和which的选择（2）只用which的情况Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBB考点三：as与which引导的定语从句1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,theearthisround.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.你跟我说的这些书都很有趣。ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.这跟我昨天借给你的书一模一样。4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句考点三：as与which引导的定语从句5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定考点四：关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定5.whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定•关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。•eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.•2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.•1.记好各项关系词的意义。2.分析好关系词在句中的作用。3.准确确定先行词。practice1.【考例1】All____isusefultousisgood.（10全国II）A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherpractice3、Shewillneverforgettheday__shespentinBeijing.(11全国I)A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whypractice4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.（10全国II）A、thatB、whenC、whichD、wherepractice【考例1】Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.（09全国II）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itpractice【考例2】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof______Ihadevermetbefore.（2009全国I）A.themB.whoC.whomD.thesepractice【考例3】Theroadaccidentsthereturnedouttobeverygood;______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.（2008全国II卷）A.itB.whatC.whichD.thatpractice【考例4】TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004全国I)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichCorrectthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.Tai