2015江西高考新题型--短文填空解题技巧

2014语法填空解题技巧会昌中学饶君玲1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。1.语法填空题—能力要求•What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?三步完成:概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查语法词法句法章法惯用法思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢?Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutgarmmarofblanksfrom21to30.讨论归纳语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考查各项语法内容。3.语法填空题—空格设计纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等有提示词谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级3.Thelittleboypulled[33]________righthandoutofthepocket…冠词或(物主)代词•无提示词•可数名词单数之前1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.theahis考查语法点:定冠词,不定冠词,物主代词的用法讨论归纳归纳总结：如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a/the)、不定代词(any,no,some,all,every….)和形容词性物主代词(my,her,their,its…)，名词所有格等进行修饰。连词或从句引导词•无提示词•两个主谓结构连接1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrolit.before考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法讨论归纳找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分but归纳总结：•1从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子。则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。•表原因：because,for,since等•表结果：so,therefore,hence,thus等•表递进：further,furthermore,moreover,•inaddition等•表转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,•While,althouhgh,though等2如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词(1)that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引导定语从句)(2)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引导名词性从句)(3)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引导状语从句)(4)and,orbut(连接并列句）介词•无提示词•与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语,表语等•与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]__________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.ofat考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配讨论归纳归纳总结•名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。•介词可位于名词之前如：atnight,onSunday•也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat•还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor特殊句式结构•1Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.•2Little____weknowhislife.•3____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.•4I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.•5Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.itdoSodidthat归纳总结•由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词1由itis...that...强调句型2由it作形式主语或宾语的句式3so\such...that...句型4构成倒装条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等5强调谓语动词要填do,does,did.★有提示词的解题技巧分析句子结构上下文语境谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级有提示词动词•给出的提示词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。谓语动词•有提示词•与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI[39]_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure[36]__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.wastoldkept考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致讨论归纳技巧1①：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例1.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed例2.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__________(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.Thismovement(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.areleaving例3.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry___________________(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.isproducing例4.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.wouldhavehappened•例5.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand___________(help)peoplekickthehabit,____________(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.helpwassigned例6.……Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon’tnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_______(come)alongtheirway.comes例7.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout.haschanged非谓语动词•有提示词•除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.receivingtocompleteincluded考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用讨论归纳技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。例10.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.tomemorize例11.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……Speaking注意：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/beingdone形式表示习惯或一般情况；用todo/tobedone形式表示具体情况或将来；作状语用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已发生。例12.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass例15.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”saying注意：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。例16.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)l