轮机英语lesson-7

HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyLesson7Lubricationsystem润滑系统HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy7.1Newwordsandexpressionsalkalinity碱度，碱件assist帮助，协助carbonaceous炭的，含炭的centrifuge离心分离机cleaner清洁剂，清油器cleanse清洗，纯净commercially商业上considerable相当的，大量的counteract克服detergency去垢能力HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademydeterioration变质，恶化detritus碎石，磨屑duplicate双倍的；副本，备品；使加倍exception例外expose暴露feature是…的特色起重要作用；特性，特点filter过滤；滤器formation形成，构成formulate配制friction摩擦，摩擦力HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademygauge测量；仪表，量规gudgeon耳轴，销轴impart给予(尤指抽象事物)impinge射到injector注射器，注油塞interfere影响，干扰involve涉及lacquer用漆涂于……；胶膜，漆lubricator注油器property财产，性质，特性HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyquill注油针replenish补充，补偿residual剩余的，残留的；残渣，残液reversal反向，变换rupture破裂；破裂store物料(间)；贮存successful成功的，良好的undesirable不需要的gudgeonpin轴销，一字头销，活塞销lubricatingstud注油塞readout读数telescopepipe伸缩套管，拉管HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyDutiesofalubricant润滑油(剂)的功用Thesuccessfuloperationofanyengineormachineanditstroublefreelife(无故障使用寿命)dependsoneffectivelubricationwhichinvolvestheformationandmaintenanceofalubricatingoilfilmbetweenthemovingparts.任何发动机或机器的良好工作及无故障运行期取决于有效的润滑，包括机器运行部件之间润滑油膜的形成和维持。7.2TextHexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThemarinedieselengineisnoexceptionandconsiderablethoughthasgoneintotheproblemofthelubricationofitsmanypartswiththeirwidelyvaryingoperatingconditions.船用柴油机也不例外，人们对其在各种不同的工作条件下众多零部件的润滑问题，动了许多脑筋。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyInadditiontoprovidinglubricatingfilms,oilsusedinmarinedieselengineshavetoremoveheatfromoilcooledpistons,neutralize(中和)acidicproductsofcombustion,船用柴油机所使用的滑油除了供油形成油膜外，还必须从油冷活塞中带走热量，中和燃烧所产生的酸性产物，HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademycleansehotmovingpartsofcarbonaceousdeposits,resistoxidation(氧化)andwashawayweardetritus(磨屑).清洗掉热运动部件上的积炭，抗氧化并带走磨屑。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThedevelopmentofoilshaskeptpacewith(与…同步)theincreasingdemandsmadebythesteadyriseinpowersproducedbymodernmarinediesels.滑油的发展同现代船用柴油机功率稳定增长所产生的不断增长的要求保持同步。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyTheselectionofanoilfromthecommerciallyavailablerangedependstoagreatextentontheoperatingconditions,thedesignoftheengineandthetypeoffueltobeburned.选择市场上供应的滑油在很大程度上取决于发动机的工作条件、设计状况及所用燃油的种类。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyLargemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:大型十字头式船用柴油机一般有两种润滑系统：HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyatotallosssystem(全损系统)feedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.供给气缸润滑的全消耗系统和用于润滑运动部件及冷却活塞的循环系统。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyCylinderoillubrication气缸润滑油系统Temperaturesinthecylinderarenaturallyhigh,thoughonlythecylindercombustionspaceandpistoncrownaresubjectedtoactualflametemperatures.虽只有气缸燃烧室和活塞头部直接承受实际的火焰温度，但气缸内的温度确实很高。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThepistonringsexertavaryingpressureonthelinerwallsunderconditionsinvolvingrapidlychangingspeedandreversalofdirectionofmotion.在运动速度和运动方向迅速变化的条件下，活塞环对缸壁施加的压力不断变化。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyOilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandthepistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricatorsgivingacarefullycontrolledoilfeed,throughinjectorsorquills(注油针),滑油通过机械注油器经注油塞或注油针供入气缸壁及活塞环，并精确控制注油量。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyandinsomedesignsitistimedsothattheoilimpinges(射到)onlyonthepistonringbelt,thusensuringthemostefficientlubrication.某些类型中，注油是定时的，以便油只射到活塞环环带上，保证最佳润滑。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyCylinderlinerPistonPistonringQuillbeltHexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyInjectorHydraulicmotorCamshaftGearpumpLubricationoilHexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThefilmsofoilbetweentheringsandthelinerandbetweentheringsandthegroovesinthepistonarenotonlyessentialforlubricationbutalsoplayanimportantpartinachievingagasseal.活塞环与缸壁之间以及活塞环与环槽之间的油膜不仅对润滑是必需的，而且对保持气封也起重要作用。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyIncarryingoutthesedutiestheoilisexposedtocontaminationbyproductsofcombustion.在完成这些功能时，滑油会受到燃烧产物的污染。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademySomeoftheseareacidic,particularlyifresidualfuelsarebeingusedandcancausecorrosiveconditionswhichpromoteheavyratesofwear.其中有些燃烧产物是酸性的，尤其是使用渣油时，会引起腐蚀，磨损加剧，HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyAlso,lacquer(漆膜)andcarbonaceousdepositsformintheringbeltwhichinterferewiththecorrectoperationoftherings.而且还会在活塞环环带上形成漆膜和积炭，从而影响活塞环的正常工作。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyTocounteracttheseundesirableeffectscylinder,oilsusuallycontainadditivesformulated(配制)toimpart(给予)ahighdegreeofalkalinity(碱性)anddetergency(去垢能力).为克服这些不利影响，气缸油通常含有具有高碱性和去垢能力的添加剂。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThealkalinityneutralizestheacidconditionsandthedetergencycleansestheringsandgrooves.碱性用于中和酸，去垢能力用以清洁活塞环和活塞环槽。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyMainlubricatingoilsystem主润滑油系统Operatingconditionsinthecrankchamberareverydifferentfromthoseinthecylinderanditistheneedfortheoiltoperformitsfunctionsoveraverylongperiod,whichdeterminesthepropertiesrequiredinthelubricant.曲柄箱的工作条件和气缸的工作条件大不相同，曲柄箱滑油需在很长的时间内起作用，这就决定了润滑剂所需特性。HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThefollowingfeaturesareessentialforcrankchamberoils:曲柄箱滑油必须具有如下基本性能：HexuemingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy1.Theymusthavegoodlubri