TKT-Glossary中译版

MODULE1Conceptsandterminologyfordescribinglanguage描述语言的术语及概念GRAMMAR语法Activevoice主动语态passivevoice.被动语态Adjective形容词comparativeadjective形容词比较级demonstrativeadjective指代形容词possessiveadjective所有格形容词（代词所有格）Asuperlativeadjective形容词最高级Adverb副词Auxiliaryverb:助动词Article冠词Anarticlecanbedefinite(the),indefinite(a)orzero(-),e.g.Iwasat(-)homeinthesittingroomwhenIheardanoise.AspectAwayoflookingatverbformsnotpurelyinrelationtotime.Theperfect,continuousandsimpleareaspects.Thecontinuousaspect,forexample,suggeststhatsomethingishappeningtemporarily.Baseformoftheverb:动词基本形式Clause从句Aclauseconsistsofaverband(generally)asubject.Aclausecanbeafullsentenceorapartofasentence.Mainclause主句Whentheteacherarrived,thestudentsstoppedtalking.Subordinateclause从句Whentheteacherarrived,thestudentsstoppedtalking.Relativeclause定语从句Thestudentswhoweresittingnearthefrontstoodup.______________________________________________________________________________________________©UCLESCambridgeESOL20052Collectivenoun:集合名词Compoundnoun:复合名词Conditional条件句Firstconditional,第一条件句Secondconditional,第二条件句Thirdconditional.第三条件句Conjunction连词Aconjunction(orconnector)isusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentences,e.g.IliketeabutIdon’tlikecoffeebecauseit’stoostrongforme.Connector:连词Countablenoun:可数名词Demonstrativeadjective:指示形容词.Demonstrativepronoun:指示代词.Dependentpreposition:非独立介词Determiner限定词Adeterminerisusedtomakeclearwhichnounisreferredto,ortogiveinformationaboutquantity,andincludeswordssuchasthe,a,this,that,my,some,e.g.Thatcarismine.Directspeech直接引语Theactualwordssomeonesays,e.g.Hesaid,‘MynameisRon.’Firstconditional:seeconditionalforms.Gerund,-ingform动名词形式Anounwhichismadefromthepresentparticipleformofaverb,e.g.Ihateshopping.Grammaticalstructure语法结构Thearrangementofwordsintomeaningfulsentences.Agrammaticalstructureisalsoagrammaticallanguageitem,e.g.presentperfectsimple.Imperative祈使句Theformofaverbthatgivesanorderorinstruction,e.g.Turntopage10.IndirectquestionThewordssomeoneuseswhentheyaretellingsomeonewhatsomebodyelseasked,e.g.PeteraskedSuewhatshemeant.Anindirectquestioncanalsobeusedwhensomeonewantstoasksomethinginamorepoliteway,e.g.‘Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme’(indirectquestion)insteadof‘Couldyouhelpme?’(directquestion).Seedirectquestion.Indirectspeech:seereportedstatement.间接引语Infinitive:seeverb.不定式Infinitiveofpurpose表示目的的不定式Thisisusedtoexpresswhysomethingisdone,e.g.IwenttothelessontolearnEnglish.-ing/-edadjective:seeadjective.形容词加ing或ed形式Intensifier加强语气的词汇Awordusedtomakethemeaningofanotherwordstronger,e.g.He’smuchtallerthanhisbrother;I’mverytired.Interrogative疑问句Aquestionform.Irregularverb:seeverb.不规则动词Mainclause:seeclause.主句Modalverb:seeverb.情态动词Noun名词Aperson,placeorthing,e.g.elephant,girl,grass,school.Acollectivenounisanounwhichincludesagroupofpeopleorthings,e.g.thepolice,thegovernment.集合名词Acompoundnounisacombinationoftwoormorewordswhichareusedasasingleword,e.g.aflower复合名词shop,aheadache.Acountablenounhasasingularandpluralform,e.g.book�books.可数名词Anuncountablenoundoesnothaveapluralform,e.g.information.不可数名词Apropernounisthenameofapersonorplace,e.g.Robert,London.专有名词Asingularnounisoneperson,placeorthing.单数名词Apluralnounismorethanoneperson,placeorthingandcanberegularorirregular,e.g.boys,women.复数名词Object宾语Thisisanounorphrasethatdescribesthethingorpersonthatisaffectedbytheactionofaverb,e.g.IsawMaryintheclassroom.Seesubject.Participle(pastandpresent)现在分词及过去分词Theformoftheverbthatisusedtomaketensesoradjectives,e.g.aninterestingfilm(presentparticiple);Ihaven’tseenhimtoday.(pastparticiple)Passivevoice被动语态Inapassivesentence,somethingisdonetoorhappenstothesubjectoftheverb,e.g.Thetreewashitbythecar.Seeactivevoice.Pastperfectsimpleandcontinuous,progressive:seetense.过去完成时及进行时Pastsimpleandpastcontinuous,progressive:seetense.一般过去时及进行式Personalpronoun:seepronoun.人称代词Phrase短语Possessive‘s’andwhose所有格‘sWaysofshowingoraskingwhosomethingbelongsto,e.g.‘Whosebookisit?’‘It’sSue’s’.Preposition介词Awordusedbeforeanoun,nounphraseorpronountoconnectittoanotherword,e.g.Hewasinthegarden.Adependentprepositionisawordthatisalwaysusedwithaparticularnoun,verboradjective,e.g.interestedin,dependon,boredwith.Presentcontinuous,progressiveforfuture:seetense.现在进行时Presentperfectsimpleandcontinuous,progressive:seetense.现在完成时及进行时Presentsimpleandcontinuous,progressive:seetense.一般现在时及进行时Pronoun代词Awordthatreplacesorreferstoanounornounphrasejustmentioned.Demonstrativepronoun,e.g.this,that.指示代词Objectpronoun,e.g.him.代词宾格Personalpronoun,e.g.I(subjectpronoun),me(objectpronoun)人称代词Possessivepronoun,e.g.mine名词性代词Reflexivepronoun,e.g.myself反身代词Relativepronoun,e.g.which关系代词Propernoun:seenoun.Punctuation标点符号Thesymbolsormarksusedtoorganisewritingintoclauses,phrasesandsentencestomakethemeaningclear,e.g.fullstop,capitalletter,apostropheandcomma.Quantifier量词Awordorphrasesuchas‘much’,‘few’or‘alotof’whichisusedwithanountoshowanamount,e.g.Idon’thavemuchtime;Ihavealotofbooks.Questiontag问号Aphrasesuchas‘isn’tit?’or‘doesn’the?’thatisaddedtotheendofasentencetomakeitaquestion,ortocheckthatsomeoneagreeswiththestatement,e.g.It’sverycold,isn’tit?Refle