农村留守儿童心理发展问题与对策

:2007-10-01:(:05JJDXLX002),/0(:NCET-05-0674):(1964-),,,,;(1981-),,,;(1963-),,,(社会科学版)20076No.6,2007JOURNALOFSOUTHCHINANORMALUNIVERSITY(SOCIALSCIENCEEDITION)200712Dec.,2007周宗奎,孙晓军,范翠英(,430079):近年来我国农村剩余劳动力向城市的大规模转移,导致一个新社会群体/留守儿童0的产生作为低社会经济地位儿童的典型代表,父母外出打工的农村留守儿童在心理发展各方面都存在不同程度的问题调查表明,在教师看来,农村留守儿童在一般表现学习品行和情绪感受上比父母都在家的儿童的问题更严重;学生问卷的结果则表明,留守儿童在孤独感社交焦虑方面与其他儿童存在显著差异促进留守儿童心理的健康发展需要家庭学校社会和政府多方面措施的共同配合:社会经济地位;留守儿童;心理发展;亲子分离:B844.1:A:1000-5455(2007)06-0119-072080,,(),,,))),,,,/0[1-2][3][4-5],[6],,,119()()(),[7],,,208090,[8],,,,,,,,,9,,,565656Asher,24,16(10,6),8,,,5(,1~5),16,16,80,56LaGreca,10,3(,1~3),100,20,,14,5(,1~5),14,,200410,,,9,5,2010020600,700(600,100)120,,11,,(4411%),()(4412%,4410%)1,()()2614%,1015%,4115%,1617%,1710%,2710%,4410%,()()3414%,1111%,2414%,1318%,2411%,2011%,4412%1%%7541341013.31824.019109210.5631.65327261426.42241.57245271419.41216.7703634912.92028.62891591304917.07827.0633033711.11320.69046443134.42224.48140412429.61619.86538271015.4913.82991541457224.16020.158831327512120.613823.5(一)教师如何评价留守儿童的发展98,9710%20077,570,,321212/0/0/0/0/0T1T2T1T2T1T21.6.516.36.05.187.578.62.,9.116.612.012.178.971.33.,13.814.312.013.574.272.24.31.130.012.114.956.855.15.22.420.223.123.654.556.26.17.419.912.818.769.861.47.89.583.75.27.25.39.08.83.480.38.311.08.38.79.20.120.717.620.062.359.310.26.826.418.522.454.751.211.16.219.59.56.174.374.412.13.920.819.614.566.564.713.31.742.221.45.146.952.714.36.552.831.926.431.220.7:T1T2,T1200410,T2200772,,70%,,,,;60%,;,,/0,(30%)14,(),:12345,,78:41123188316931763,,(T1T2),,,,/0(二)留守儿童的孤独感和社交焦虑状况588,329,121,138,(SASC)(F=31281,P0105),,;,(F=21847,P0105),,122(三)访谈结果,,,,::,(),,/0,;,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,(一)基于家庭层面的建议1.农村父母应强化自身监护和教育子女的意识,,,,,[9],,,,,2./留守儿童0的家长应妥善安置孩子,,,,,/0,,,,,,3.带上孩子去打工或避免双亲外出打工,加强与孩子的沟通,,/0,:,(),,,,,,,,,123,,,,,,(二)基于学校层面的建议1.学校教育工作中要采取综合措施来帮助留守儿童克服面临的各种困难,,,,2.学校应加强寄宿制的管理,,,,,,,3.利用学校的现有条件,为学生建立/夏令营0之类学习活动5,,,,,,(),,,,,,,(三)基于社区(社会)层面的建议1.关注和改善农村未成年人生活的社会环境,,,();,;,,,,[3]2.组织各种形式的/志愿者下乡0活动,配合农村留守儿童的教育,,,,,3.组织科研力量,积极开展对农村留守儿童教育等问题的长期研究,(四)基于政府(政策)层面的建议1.充分考虑进城务工人员子女就学问题,采取积极措施鼓励务工人员携带子女进城上学,/0,,/0,,,;,,,;124,2.各级政府应通过制定相应的法律法规,强化农村父母在子女监护和教育方面的意识和职责,,,,,,,,,,,,3.充分考虑到农村儿童生活和发展的现实,加大政府投入力度,加强寄宿制学校的建设,改善农村儿童的居住和生活条件,,,,,/0,,,,4.出台相应政策允许多种形式的留守儿童的管理与教育/0,,,,,,/0/0,,,/0,,,:[1],,.[J].,2007(3).[2]./3861990[J].,2004(4).[3],.[J].,2006(3).[4],,,.[J].,2006(4).[5]./0[J].:,2003(3).[6],,.[J].,2005(12).[7]ROBERTH.BRADLEY,ROBERTF.CORWYN.Socioeconomicstatusandchilddevelopment[J].AnnualRe-viewofPsychology,2002(53).[8]VONNIEC.MCLOYD.Socioeconomicdisadvantageandchilddevelopment[J].AmericanPsychologist,1998(53).[9]DARCYHANGO.Parentalinvestmentinchildhoodandeducationalqualifications:Cangreaterparentalinvolve-mentmediatetheeffectsofsocioeconomicdisadvantage?[J].SocialScienceResearch,2007,(36)Issue4.=责任编辑:王建平125howtocorrectthem.Thepaperhasfulfiledthereconstructionofvaliditytheoryinsomeaspects.Keywords:psychologicalandeducationalmeasurement;validity;reconstructAStudyoftheRelationshipbetweenSeniorHighSchoolCurriculumEvaluationandCollegeEntranceExaminationandEvaluation(byZHOUL-iqun,XIAOJian-chun)Abstract:Thefunctionofseniorhighschoolcurriculumevaluationandcollegeentranceexaminationandevaluationisdifferent,buttheiressenceisthesame.Theycancompletelycombinewitheachother,supporteachotherandpro-moteeachothertoachievethebenignandinteractiverelationshipbetweenthem.Accordingtothis,thefollowingshouldbedone:theeducationalfunctionofexaminationandevaluationshouldbestressed;prominenceshouldbegiventothecheckonstudentspabilityandquality;thewaysofexaminationandevaluationshouldbeenrichedandimprovedandtheevaluatingabilityoftheexaminershouldbeenhanced.Thus,thechangefromexamination-orientededucationtoqualityeducationcanbereallyrealized.Keywords:seniorhighschoolcurriculumevaluation;collegeentranceexaminationandevaluation;reforminnewcurriculumAComparativeStudyoftheEvaluationSystemofHigherTechnologicalandVocationalEducationbetweenChinesemainlandandTaiwanDistrict(byMAZao-mingCHENMiao)Abstract:Educationevaluation,whichpromotesthequalityofeducation,isoneofthecoreelementsofeducationdevelopment.ThisarticlecomparestheevaluationsystemofhighertechnologicalandvocationaleducationbetweenChin-nesemainlandandTaiwandistrict,analysesthecauseswhichleadtothedifferencesbetweenthetwoevaluationsystems,therebyprovidessomesuggestionsforimprovementoftheevaluationsysteminChinesemainland.Keywords:highertechnologicalandvocationaleducation;Chinesemainland;TaiwandistrictLowSocioeconomicStatusandChildDevelopment(byZHANGWe,iLIDong-ping,XIEZh-ijie)Abstract:Socioeconomicstatus(SES)referstoahierarchyrankingbasedontheamountofvaluableresourcesthatanindividualorafamilyhasaccesstoorcontrols.LowSEShasnegativeeffectsonchildrenpsphysicalhealth,cognitivedevelopment,emotionaladaptationandbehaviorproblems,etc.Themechanismsoftheseeffectshavebeenexplainedbytwotheories:themediatingmodelandthemoderatingmode.lTherefore,itisimportantthatthegovernmentandthewholesocietyshouldactivelyjoinhandstopromotethepositivegrowthanddevelopmentoflowSESchildren.Keywords:socioeconomicsta