基于变频器的矿井提升机-毕业论文]

I摘要矿井提升机常被人们称为矿山的咽喉，是矿山最重要的关键设备，是地下矿井与外界的唯一通道，肩负着运输矿石、物料、人员等的重要责任。对提升机来说，运行的安全性与可靠性是至关重要的。传统的矿井提升机控制系统主要采用继电器－接触器进行控制，这类提升机通常在电动机转子回路中串接附加电阻进行启动和调速。这种控制系统存在可靠性差、操作复杂、故障率高、电能浪费大、效率低等缺点。因此对矿井提升机控制系统进行研究具有现实意义，也是国内外相关行业专家学者的一个研究课题。随着计算机和PLC技术的不断发展，采用先进的控制技术改造传统矿山行业的传统控制系统，从而使矿井提升机的控制性能得到极大的改善，其自动化水平、安全性、可靠性都达到了新的高度，并采用现代化的管理和监视手段保障提升机的安全运行，保证矿井提升机可靠、准确地运行，实现矿井提升机的计算机控制。变频调速是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的自动控制技术，它利用改变被控对象的电源频率，成功实现了交流电动机大范围的无级平滑调速，在运行过程中能随时根据电动机的负载情况，使电机始终处于最佳运行状态，在整个调速范围内均有很高的效率，节能效果明显。采用变频器对异步电动机进行调速控制，由于使用方便、可靠性高并且经济效益显著，所以得到广泛应用。因此，应用变频器对矿井提升机的控制系统进行改造，将成为历史的必然趋势。关键词：矿井提升机，PLC，变频调速，控制系统IIABSTRACTThemineelevatorisentitledasthethroatofmine,anditisthemostvitalequipmentinmine.Themineelevatoristheonlychanneltotheundergroundmines,anditisshoulderingthetransportationofmineral,materialsandpeople.Thesafetyandsecurityisthemostvitaltoelevator.Thetraditionalshafthoistcontrolsystemisalwayscontrolledbytherelay－contactor,andadoptsthemethodsofconnectseriesadditionalresistantinrotor’swindinglooptostartandadjustspeed.Thesystemhasmanydisadvantagessuchasbadreliability,complicatedoperation,highfaultrate,largeenergy－wastingandlowefficiency.So,carryingontheresearchontheshafthoistcontrolsystemhasrealisticmeanings,anditisasubjectforresearchbyrelevantexpertsandscholars,bothathomeandabroadtoo.Alongwiththedevelopmentandapplicationofcomputerandprogrammablelogicalcontroller,thecontrollerofmineelevatorcomeforthnewvisage,thelevelofautomatizationandsafetyandsecurityarrivedatthenewaltitude,andprovidedanewandmodernmanageandmonitormeans.Advancedindustrycontrolcomputerareusedtomonitorandmanagethecourseofelevator[18].Frequencyconversionisdevelopedasanewautomaticcontroltechnologyinrecentyears,whichisusedtochangethepowerfrequencyofthecontrolledobjects,itsuccessfullyachievethespeedsteplessadjustingoftheAcmotorinalargescope,anditcanmakethemotorbealwaysinthebeststateaccordingtotheloadconditionsatanytime.Ithasveryhighefficiencyandtheenergy-savingeffectisobviousinthewholerangeofspeed.Adoptinginverterspeedtocontroltheasynchronousmotorsiswidelyusedbecauseofitisconvenient,highreliabilityandtheeconomicbenefitisremarkable.Therefore,adoptinginvertertoreformthecontrolsystemofshafthoistwillbecometheinevitabletrendofhistory.KEYWORDS：shafthoist,PLC,frequencyconversion,controlsystemI目录第1章绪论............................................................................................11.1国内外矿井提升机研究现状与发展趋势...................................................................11.1.1国外矿井提升机的现状.......................................................................................11.1.2国内提升机的现状与发展趋向...........................................................................21.2本文研究意义及内容...................................................................................................31.2.1研究意义...............................................................................................................31.2.2研究内容...............................................................................................................3第2章系统工艺流程及控制要求..........................................................42.1矿井提升机系统简介...................................................................................................42.2提升机电动机运行方式...............................................................................................52.3提升机的速度要求及受力情况...................................................................................62.3.1提升机的速度要求...............................................................................................62.3.2提升机的受力情况...............................................................................................72.4矿井提升机的电气传动方案.......................................................................................8第3章系统控制方案设计....................................................................113.1控制单元基本原理.....................................................................................................113.2控制系统总体设计.....................................................................................................133.3可编程控制器（PLC）介绍.....................................................................................143.3.1PLC的基本特点..................................................................................................143.3.2PLC的基本结构..................................................................................................153.3.3PLC的工作原理..................................................................................................163.3.4可编程控制器的编程语言.................................................................................173.4变频器介绍.................................................................................................................173.4.1变频调速基本原理.............................................................................................183.4.2变频器按中间直流环节方式分类.....................................................................20第4章控制系统硬件设计....................................................................214.1引言.......................