中考英语定语从句知识

1定语从句小结用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。在初中英语中要求学生掌握关系代词that,which,who引导的定语从句.一．关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhichthat宾语Whomwhichthat例1：ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例2：ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.例3:Themanwho(m)youaretalkingtoismygoodfriend.例4：ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.２．关系代词的用法(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisismyfirsttimethatIhaveseenher.(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.2Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(7)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(8)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?３．介词＋关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构(1)介词＋关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词＋关系代词结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?(2)像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.3定语从句专项训练I选择最佳答案:1.Thesilk_______ismadeinHangzhousellswell.A.thatB.whoC.whatD./2.Theman_______todayleftthismessageforyou.A.calledB.hascalledC.whomcalledD.whocalled3.Doyoulivenearthebuilding______colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.its4.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarm______theylived.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where5.I’moneoftheboys_____neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoisC.whoareD.whoam6.All_____shouldbedonehasbeendone.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whatever7.Jacktoldmeeverything_______heknewaboutit.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who8.Myfatherworksinthefactory______thistypeoftruckismade.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.fromwhichD.ofwhich9.Theschool_______wevisitedlastweekwasbuiltin1956.A./B.whereC.thatD.bothAandC10.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.ofthat11.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions_______wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which12.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose14.All_______isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which415.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.thatII用适当的关系词填空：1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirsttimelastsummer.2)Thisistheplace_________hesooftenmentionedtome.3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.4)“Whatascientist!Whatwonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦点)ofnewspapersandtelevision.5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.8)With_________wereyoutalking?9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?12)Ithinkthisisthemostbeautifuldress______Iown.13)Those_______wanttobuythehousemaysigntheirnamesfirst.14)Mysister,__________youmetinGuangzhou,hasboughtanewcar.15)That’stheway_______theywork.III把下列各题的两句话合并成一个带定语从句的复合句。1)ThestudentswillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theydon’tworkhardenough.2)Theteacherismyphysicsteacher.Yousawhimontheplaygroundjustnow.3)ThewomanisanEnglishteacher.Sheisstandingattheschoolgate.4)Thisisthegirl.Hersisterisafamoussinger.5)Thebookisgood.Iamreading.5IV完成下列句子。1)Hereistheknife_________________________________________（你昨天丢失的）。2)Thisisthebestnovel_____________________________________（我读过的）。3)Ihavelostthedictionary____________________________________（我姐姐给我买的）。4)Riceisaplant_______________________________________（中国南方种植的）。5)Thewoman________________________________________（上周六给他们做报告的）6)isafamousscientist.Ⅴ改正下列句子中的错误：1.Mr.BrownistalkingtothestudentswhocomesfromCanada.2.Thefactorywhichwearegoingtoworkisfarfromhere.3.Thisistheroominthatwelivedlastyear.4.Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplewhotheyrememberedinthehospital.5.AllwhichIraqpeoplewantispeace.6.Anyonethatbreakstherulewillbepunished.7.ThisisthechildwhofatherdiedofSARS.8.Ihavelostmypen,thatIlikeverymuch.9.IwenttothelibrarybutIdidn’tfindthebookthatIneededit.10.Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelooking.Keys:I选择：1.A.先行词是物，故用that引导.2.D.先行词是人，而且引导词在从句中作主语。3.C.表示“……’’的”，修饰名词color,限定先行词thebuilding，说明是thebuilding的颜色.4.D.先行词是地点，故用where引.5.C.先行词是人,且是复数theboys.6.C.先行词为all,everything等不定代词时用that.7.B.同上8.B.关系代词在介词后面时用which.9.D.当