美国传染性隔离病房的通风空调系统设计

,,DesignofairconditioningandventilatingsystemsforinfectiousisolationwardsinUSAByWangQingqinandDiYanqiangAbstractReviewsthehistoryofinfectiousdiseasehospitalsinUSA,andpresentsthemeasurestakenforpreventinginfectiousdiseasesspreadinginhospitalindifferentperiods.Discussestheexperiencesindesignofairconditioningandventilatingsystemsforinfectiousisolationwards,includingairconditioningsystem,airflowdirection,airdistribution,pressurecontrolling,airchanges,etc.KeywordsUnitedStates,infectiousisolationward,airconditioningandventilating,designChinaAcademyofBuildingResearch,Beijing,China11877,[1],,,,,1910,,(barriernursing)[2]1950,,1965,,60,,1970,CDC(CommunicableDiseaseCenter)[3],1975,[4]1975,93%,[5],1983CDC[6]1994,,,37HV&AC2006361,,19642,,10001330(010)84270568E2mail:[e-mail]:20050705;[7]1991,27000CDC,,,10,50000(),(HIV),(MDR2TB),,CDC1994(CDC)[8],,;,1993AIA(,AmericanInstituteofArchitects)[9]ASHRAE2003[10](:NBC(NationalBuildingCode),UBC(UniformBuildingCode),SBC(StandardBuildingCode))CDC,AIAASHRAECDC,AIAASHRAE22.1CDC:(),,,:1),HEPA(highefficiencyparticulateair),(1);2)HEPA(2);3)HEPA1CDC2CDC,(),HEPA,2.2HEPA,;,,,(3),,2.3,47HV&AC20063613CDC,,,,,CDC,,(4),4,,,,,(5):,,;,;,,,,,5AIA,ASHRAE,,,,,8cm(3in),(),,[11],,(6),CDC,62.4CDC,,,,AIA,57HV&AC2006361,ASHRAE,,,,,();,2.5CDC,,0.25Pa,,0.25Pa,,,,,(),,,CDC,,10%85m3/h(50CFM),0.25Pa(),AIA,,2.6ASHRAE,AIAHRSA(,HealthResourcesandServicesAdministration)6h-1,6h-1,CDC,,,6h-1;,(HEPA)12h-112h-1[11],(),,,,46h-1,,,,2.7(7),:5cm,(),,767HV&AC2006361,,,/,,,(),CDC,,,,8,p1p2,p2,p28CDC,31,,1OSHPD(,OccupationalSafetyandHealthProgramsDivision)OSHA(,OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration)CDC[6]ASHRAE[10]AIA[9]/h-1101212,666/Pa0.250.25122.5130m3/h(75CFM)10%,85m3/h(50CFM)85m3/h(50CFM)0.51m/s(100FPM),4,5()()()()/h-1101010,,,2m,8m(HEPA),3m,8m4,,,,;,12h-1,,,(84)77HV&AC200636111FaFa0.500.650.80,1.001.50,(2),(5),(6),(7),,,5.2,,,,,,,,,5.3,,,()(),;,,24,25,,[1],.[M].:,1991[2],,,.GB96671996[S][3].JGJ312003J2652003[S].:,2003[4],.[M].:,2003[5]LazzarinRM,LongoGA.Comparisonofheatrecoverysystemsinpublicindoorswimmingpools[J].AppliedThermalEngineering,1996,16(7):561570[6]JohanssonL,WesterlundL.Energysavingsinindoorswimming2pools:comparisonbetweendifferentheat2recoverysystems[J].AppliedEnergy,2001,70:281303[7]ASHRAE.ASHRAEApplicationsHandbooks(SI)4.6[M](77)[1]LynchT.CommunicableDiseaseNursing[M].StLouis,MO:Mosby,1949[2]GageND,LandonJF,SiderMT.CommunicableDisease[M].Philadelphia,PA:FADavis,1959[3]NationalCommunicableDiseaseCenter.IsolationTechniquesforUseinHospitals[M].WashingtonDC:USGovernmentPrintingOffice,1970[4]CenterforDiseaseControl.IsolationTechniquesforUseinHospitals[M].2nded.WashingtonDC:USGovernmentPrintingOffice,1975[5]HaleyRW,ShachtmanRH.TheemergenceofinfectionsurveillanceandcontrolprogramsinUShospitals:anassessment,1976[J].AmJEpidemiol,1980,111:574591[6]GarnerJS,SimmonsBP.CDCguidelineforisolationprecautionsinhospitals[R].AtlantaGA:USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService,CentersforDiseaseControl,1983[7]HospitalInfectionControlPracticesAdvisoryCommittee.Guidelineforisolationprecautionsinhospitals[R].1994,11[8]USACDC.Guidelinesforpreventingthetransmissionofmycobacteriumtuberculosisinhealth2carefacilities[R].1994[9]TheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.Guidelinesfordesignandconstructionofhospitalandhealthcarefacilities[R].1996[10]ASHRAE.ASHRAEHandbook:HVACApplication[M].2003[11],,.[J].,2003(6)48HV&AC2006361