微结构与纳米结构光纤

OPTIMUS–PhotonicsCentreofExcellenceEmail:[e-mail]|URL::[e-mail]|URL:(MOF)Anopticalfiberwithitsfeaturesizeinmicrometerorsub-micrometerscaleMOFPCF(PhotonicCrystalFiber)HF(HoleyFiber)PhotonicBandgapFiberBraggFiberPCFPhotonicBandgapFiber331.GuidingmechanismTotalInternalReflectionPhotonicbandgapPioneeredbyUKresearchersinthe1990'sFirstphotonicbandgapfiber2[1]Opt.Lett.21,1547(1996).[2]Science282,1476(1998).Firstindex-guidingMOF1442.State-of-the-artMOFs•SignificantlossreductioninAir-guidingPCF22003,CorningIncorporated.Losslessthan30dB/kmoverawidetransmissionwindowisobservedwithminimumlossof13dB/kmat1500nm•Air-guidingPCFwithlowestloss(withlargercore)32005,BlazePhotonicsLtd.Minimumattenuationof1.2dB/kmat1620nmwavelength1.K.Tajimaetal.,ECOC2007,PD2.1,(2007).2.CharleneM.Smithetal.,Nature424,657(2003).3.P.J.Roberts,etal.,Opt.Express,13,236,(2005).•LowlossPCF12007,NTTestablishedaworldrecordofalossof0.18dB/kmat1550nmbyreducingtheopticalattenuationcausedbysurfaceimperfection.2.State-of-the-arthollowcorefibers•Kagomelattice1WidetransmissionbandsgoodforvisibleandUVregionapplicationAttenuation~2dB/m@355nm•TriangularlatticeLowlossintransmissionbandabandwidthofapproximately50THzcanbeguidedoverkilometer-longdistancewithlossesintheorderofafewdecibelsperkilometer.1.S.Fevrier,etal.,OpticsLett.,34,19,(2009).2.F.Benabie,etal.,optoiq.com.,Sep1(2008)663.InterestingpropertiesofMOFsVerylargenumericalaperture.Endlesslysingle-mode.Lowbendloss.Extremelysmallorlargenonlinearities.Airguidance.Thepossibilitytofillgasesorliquidsintotheholes.Highbirefringence.Dispersiontailoring.774.ApplicationsTelecomcomponents(dispersioncontrol,polarizationcontrol,filteringorswitching).High-powerfiberlasersandamplifiers.Highpowerdelivery.Nonlinearfiberoptics.Sensorapplications8Opticalfibersensorsystems•Opticalfiberasasensingelement–Measurementofthemodificationofthepropagationpath(delay,attenuation,polarization,…)–Measurementoftheinteractionoflightwiththepropagationmedium89OpticalfibersensorsystemsAdvantagesofOpticalFiberSensorsFacilitatesdistributedsensingsystemsCapabilitytomultiplexlargenumberofsensors100’sRemotesensing50kmmeasurementrangeImmunitytoEMIHighaccuracy-FOGexhibitsstabilityof1partin1018ExplosionproofSmallsize&lightweightSelf-referencing-norecalibration/re-initialization910FiberBraggGrating-basedSensors•FBGsareall-silica,glassfiberwithgratingwritteninsideits10-µmfibercore0.125mm0.2mmto1,000mmTypicalstrainresponse~1pm/meTypicaltemperatureresponse~10pm/oCBraggCondition:B=2neff1011FabricationofFiberGratingsPhasemaskOpticalfibercwUVlaser244nmFiberBraggGratingFiberBraggGrating-basedSensors1112FabricationofFiberGratingsFiberBraggGrating-basedSensorsFrequency-doubledArgonLaser(244nm)OSAPCmirrorwaveplatetunablelaserorBBSfiberholderphasemaskmirrorcylindricallensmirrortranslationstage1213ApodizedFBGwith35dBreflectivity,25dBSMSRFabricationofFiberGratingsFiberBraggGrating-basedSensorsSampled-FBGwith0.8-nmspacing-70-60-50-40-30-20-1001543.21543.41543.61543.815441544.21544.41544.61544.8Wavelength(nm)Transmission(dB)Phase-shiftedFBGSampledChirped-FBGFBG-basedFabry-Perotfilter1314InterrogationofFiberBraggGratingOpticalfibreFiberBraggGratingIlluminatesFBGwithabroadbandlightsourceAnarrowbandoflightreflectedbytheFBGTherestofthespectrumistransmittedFiberBraggGrating-basedSensors1415Wavelength-DivisionMultiplexingofFBGSensorsLightSourceWavelengthDetectionFiberBraggGrating-basedSensors1516FiberBraggGrating-basedSensorsWavelength-DivisionMultiplexingofFBGSensors1617FiberBraggGrating-basedSensorsa123t0xYYb(x)FBGsignalinstringfixedendfreeendx1x2OSAOPMSLEDPCcouplercirculator1×3switchFBG1FBG2FBG3(a)(b)(c)TrapezoidalsteelflakewithFBGattachedonthesurface,separatedeachotherby120°PendulumFreemovingplateBaseframefreestate4080120160200240280-6-4-20246Tiltangle(degree)Opticalpower(μW)FBG1FBG2FBG3323121232221132sinYYYYYYYYYaX.Y.Dong,P.Shum,etal,IEEEPhoton.Technol.Lett.,vol.17(11),pp.2394-2396,2005.Temperature-insensitivetiltsensors-3:1718FiberBraggGrating-basedSensorsfFBGClamp3-dBcouplerOpticalcirculatorASEOSAPD123Right-angledtrianglebeamht-0.5Lg0.5Lg/1t=0,nostrain-45-35-25-15-515471549155115531555Wavelength(nm)Intensity(dBm)06.0mm13.0mmy=0.3564x+0.2517R2=0.9999y=37.83x+23.764R2=0.9991-505015025035045055002468101214Displacement(mm)PDoutput(mV)01234563-dBbandwidth(nm)Chirped-FBGbaseddisplacementsensor:Intensity-modulatedSimpleTemperature-insensitiveLowcostXYDong,etal,SmartMater.Structur.,vol.14(2),pp.N7-N10,Apr.2005.181919DesignandmodelingofMOFs1.Generalizedwaveguidingprinciple2.Liquidcrystalphotoniccrystalfiber3.Twin-corePCF4.Improvedtriangular-latticephotoniccrystalfiber5.Air-guidinghoneycombbandgapfiber6.Nano-fibers7.Terahertzkagome-latticehollowcorefibres8.Compacttwo-dimensionalfinite-differencetime-domain(C2D-FDTD)method9.3DFDTDmodelwithmovingproblemspace20201