九年级英语被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化:(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+done(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化时态构成一般现在时am/is/are＋done一般过去时was/were＋done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done一般将来时will/shall/begoingto＋be＋done现在完成时has/have＋been＋done含情态动词can/must/should/may...＋be＋done.被动语态的构成[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheworld.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done[6].I’msorry,sir．Yourrecorderisn’treadyyet．It____inthefactory．A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn’tbeenrepaired现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+done•Practice:1.Wewillbuildanewlab.Anewlab_____________.2.Theyarestoppingthetrafficnow.Thetraffic_______________now.willbebuiltisbeingstopped3.Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.4.Theyarecuttingupafallentree．Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．Afallentreeisbeingcutupbythem5.Weshouldprotecttheearth．6.Youneedtopaintthewall．Theearthshouldbeprotected．Thewallneedstobepainted．7.Ifyourhomework______(do)well,youmaygotoplay.8.Theshipmodel____be____(make)intwodays.isdonewillmade(三)何时使用被动语态？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina是被Paul叫来的。TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：“据说”Itissaidthat…“据报道”Itisreportedthat…“众所周知”Itiswell-knownthat…“人们认为”Itissupposedthat…含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形：(1)双宾动词(give,leave,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell,send,bring,take,sell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to引导Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。Shewasgivensomemoney.Somemoneywasgiventoher.(2)双宾动词(如make,get,buy,sing等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词for引导Fathermademeadoll.Adollwasmadeforme.Iwasmadeadollbyfather.常见的带双宾语的动词变为被动式的句型如下：•1.某人被给与某物Sb.begivensth.•2.某物被给与某人Sthbegiventosb.•3.某物被带来给某人Sth.bebroughttosb.•4.某物被带去给某人Sth.betakentosb.•5.某物被借给了某人Sth.belenttosb.•6.某物被买给某人Sth.beboughtforsb.•7.某物被为某人制作Sth.bemadeforsb.在主动语态中make,see,watch等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原,构成todo。常见几个句型如下：1.被迫使做某事bemadetodosth被看见做了某事beseentodosth常被听见做某事beheardtodosth被注意到做了某事benoticedtodosth1.Intheolddays,they____inthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.A.weremadetoworkB.askedtoworkC.madetoworkD.wereaskedforwork2.Inoticedhimleavetheroom.(改为被动）He____noticed__________theroom.3.–HowisLinTao’sweekend?-Notsogood.He____hishomeworkeveryweekend.A.makestodoB.ismadetodoC.ismadedoD.makesdo4.–Marywasheard____justnow.Whathappened?-Johnwastellingajoke.A.cryB.tocryC.laughD.tolaugh常见的主语是人，但谓语用被动的句型•1.某人被邀请做某事Sb.beinvitedtodosth•2.某人被允许做某事Sbbeallowedtodosth•3.某人被要求去做某事Sbbeaskedtodosth•4.某人被告知要做某事Sbbetoldtodosth•5.某人被送到某地Sbbesentto+地名•6.某人被邀请到某地Sbbeinvitedto+地名•7.某人被带去到某地Sbbetakento+地•Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…•PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:•Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writes•Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被动语态的动词：4.作“需要”讲的need的被动形式：needtobedoneYourjacketneedstobewashed.5.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,close…Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed1.TheheatedicecreamscoopwasinventedbyChelseaLanmon.(对划线部分提问）________theheatedicecreamscoop________?2.Thebattery-operatedslippersareusedforseeingthedark.(对划线部分提问）________thebattery-operatedslippers________?3.Thecarwasinventedin1885.(对划线部分提问）________thecar____?4.Thetelephonewasinventedbeforethecar.(改为一般疑问句）_____thetelephone__________thecar?5.Mikebrokethewindowyesterday.(改为被动语态）Thewindow_________byMikeyesterday.6.Aseveryoneknows,rubbish_____everywhere.A.needbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maythrow7.Thecakesintherestaurant_____,sothey_____well.A.aretastedbetter;aresoldB.aretastedwell;sellC.tasteterrible;aresoldD.