人教八年级下册Unit-1知识点详解

舒城二中付代和整理第1页共12页unit11.What’sthematter(withyou)?怎么了？出什么事了？What’sthetrouble/theproblem/wrongwithsb./sth.?=What’sup?=Whathappenstosb.?【注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词,wrong是adj.不能加the.【习】：—What’sthematter______Tom.Heiswetthrough.—Hiscarran_______theriver.A.with;inB.to;intoC.with;into【拓展】matter的用法(1)Itdoesn’tmatter没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）【习】：—I’mverysorry.Ibrokeyourteacup.—__________.A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.You’dbetternotC.TakeiteasyD.It’stoobad(2)asamatteroffact=infact事实上,实际上2.Ihadacold.我感冒了。疑问&否定havea/an+疾病名词“患……病”(cold/fever/cough)haveanaccidenthaveasore(因发炎引起的肌肉疼)throat/back患喉咙/背痛haveaheartproblemhaveafever发烧haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveastomachache患胃痛haveatoothache患牙痛haveanosebleed流鼻血haveaheadache患头痛haveabackache患背痛haveacough咳嗽其他：cut+身体器官hurt+身体器官gethit(V-ed)onthehead（bysth.）摔在头上【习】：Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,becauseI_____atoothache.A.wasB.wentC.hadD.tookhave(some)problems(in)doing做某事有困难backn背；背部atthebackof......在......的后面go/comeback返回giveback归还handn.手V.交给；传递handinhand手拉手handin上交handon依次传递handout分发3.身体部位+ache（持续性的疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache4.toomuch/toomany/muchtoo短语含义用法例句toomuch太多后接不可数名词Thereistoomuchrainthesedays修饰动词，放在动词之后WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.toomany太多后接可数名词复数Therearetoomanythingsformetodoeveryday.muchtoo太修饰形容词或副词It’smuchtoocoldinwinter.舒城二中付代和整理第2页共12页【习】：Mr.Smitheats______food,sohe’s_____fat.A.muchtoo;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;toomuchD.toomuch;muchtooenough的用法(1)adj.足够的，充分的。修饰名词时，放在名词前、后enoughtime(2)adv.“足够地，十分，相当”，放在adj./adv后expensiveenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosthbestrongenoughtocarrythebox.【习】：—WhatdoyouthinkofthelectureofLiYang’sCrazyEnglish?—Ithinkit’s_____,butsomeonethinksit’smuchtoo_____.A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderful;enough;boringD.enoughwonderful;bored5.反身代词⑴反身代词的构成①一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数：myselfyourself复数：ourselvesyourselves②第三人称的反身代词:构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数：themselves⑵反身代词的常见搭配：enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴helponeselfto随便吃teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学byoneself=alone独自introduceoneselfto自我介绍hurtoneself受伤⑶反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。⑷反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.⑸反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’sown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.【习】：Boys,don’tlose____inplayingAngryBirds.Itisbadforyoureyestoplaycomputergamesforalongtime.A.himselfB.yourselfC.themselvesD.yourselves6.liedown躺下liein位于，在于lay,lain,lyingtelllies说谎lietosb.对……说谎lied,lied,lying7.drinksomehotteawithhoney喝一些热的蜂蜜水with：⑴prep“具有，带有”,表示某物带有或具有某种特征。（反）withoutSheisagirlwithlonghair.舒城二中付代和整理第3页共12页【习】：Hehasasorethroat.Heshould______.A.seeadentistB.drinkhotteawithhoneyC.drinkalotofmilkD.eatnothing⑵prep.和......一起Iliketotalkfreelywithmyfriends.⑶prep用......，表示“使用某种工具”Cutitwithaknife.8.seeadentistandgetanX-ray看医生并且做个X光检查seeadentist=gotothedentist’s看牙医seeadoctor【习】：Youareill.Youhadbetter___________thedoctorrightnow.A.lookatB.seeC.watch9.takeone’stemperature量体温10.putsomemedicineon...在....上敷药puton穿上，戴上takeoff脱下，摘下put...inorderputdown放下，记下，镇压putoff推迟putup张贴，搭建，举起putout扑灭，熄灭11.feel,sound感官系动词，后+形容词，否定前+助动词don’t或doesn’t.“感官动词+like：feellike摸起来像smelllike闻起来像looklike看起来像tastelike尝起来像soundlike听起来像12.Whatshouldshedo?她该怎么办呢？ShouldI+V原？should“应该”情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务shouldnot=shouldn’t不应该主语+should/shouldn’t+动词原形...①Youshouldliedownand(getsome)rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。②Youshouldn’tgooutatnight.你晚上不应该出去。【习】：Hurryup，oryou____catchthetrain．A．can’tB．needn’tC．mustn'tD.shouldn’t13.ontheweekend在周末allweekend整个周末=thewholeweekend14.playcomputergames玩电脑游戏15.That’sprobablywhy.大概这就是原因。16.needtodosth.需要做某事◆用于肯定句是实义动词(1)needsth需要某物Ineedyourhelp.(2)人做主语，sbneedtodosth某人需要做某事Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?(3)物做主语，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedoneMyTVsetneedsrepairing.舒城二中付代和整理第4页共12页◆用于否定句是情态动词needn’t=don’thaveto没有必要must,need引导的疑问句肯定回答用【习】：—MustIhanditintoday?—No.you_____.Youcandoittomorrow.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn't17.takebreaks/takeabreak(awayfrom...)离开……休息一下18.inthesameway以同样的姿势bytheway顺便说一下onone’sway(to)...19.fortoolong（持续时间）……之久20.withoutdoingsth.21.neckn.颈；脖子neckandneck不分上下，势均力敌facetoface面对面地22.hurt及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物动词，……（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.23.在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。①引导条件状语的词：if（如果）；aslongas.②引导时间状语的词：when,after,before,assoonas,not....until....⑴主句使用一般将来时，if从句要使用一般现在时。Mymotherwilltakemetotheparkifsheisfree.⑵主句为含情态动词的句子，表示将来的含义，这时if从句也要使用一般现在时。Ifyouwanttoloseweight,youmusteatlessbread.⑶主句是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子(表示将来的意义)，if从句也要使用一般现在时。Don’ttakepartinsuchanactivityifyouarenotstrongenough.Ifitrainshardtomorrow,youshouldstayathome.24.祈使句①定义：指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。②结构：1）.肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他Standup,please.Becareful!2）．否定的祈使句:⑴Don't+动词原形Don’tlaughatothers.⑵Neverdosth.Neverdothatagain!⑶No+v-ing/n.Nosmoking!Nonoise,please.⑷Let’snotdosth.Let’snotwastetime.⑸Don’tletsb.dosth.Don’tletthemmakeanynoise.③祈使句的考点：A:Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.B:OK.Iwon’t.A:Don’tplayontheroad.B:Sorry.Iwon’t.A:RemembertoreturnitassoonaspossibleB:OK./Al