Phobias-恐惧

PhobiaHighAnxiety:PhobiasContentsCharacteristicsClassificationsCausesTreatmentPartOneCharacteristics01Whatisphobia?Aphobiaisanirrationalfear,akindofanxietydisorderinwhichthesuffererhasarentlessdreadofasituation,livingcreature,placeorthing.Phobiasarethemostcommonkindofanxietydisorderintheindustrialnations:•Over50millionpeopleintheUSAand10millionintheUKarethoughttolivewithaphobia.•Between8.7%and18.1%ofAmericansofallagessufferfromphobias.threecharacteristics1beafraidofthingswithoutanyreasonablereasons2oftenlastsforalongtime3thereactionistoostrongforapersontocontrolCharacteristicsPsychologistshavecomeupwiththreecharacteristicsofaphobia.PartTwoClassifications02Classification•Specificphobia•Socialphobia•AgoraphobiaTherearethreemainclassificationsofphobias.SpecificphobiaCoulrophobiafearofclownsTrypophobiafearofobjectswithsmallthingsclosetogetherClaustrophobiafearofenclosedspacesAcrophobiafearofheightsItisakindofsimplephobia,whichinvolveadisproportionatefearaboutspecificsituations,livingcreatures,places,activitiesorthings.DavidBeckhamAtaxophobia—fearofdissymmetryandclutterNapoleonGenghisKhanfamouspeopleandtypicalexampleAilurophobia—fearofcatSocialphobiaThereisafearofbeingjudgedbyotherpeople.Theultimatenightmareforapersonwithsocialphobiaisprobablytohavetotalkinpublicoractonastageoffrontofanaudience.Apersonwithsocialphobiafindsbeinginsocialsituationsdifficultandsometimesunbearable.Socialphobia010203Anindividualwithagoraphobiaisfrightenedoffindinghimself/herselfinsituationswherethereisnoescape.AgoraphobiaItincludeadreadoftravelingonbusesortrains,goingintolargeshopsorshoppingmalls.Whensymptomsaresevere,thepatientmayfinditunbearabletoevenstepoutoftheirownhome.Themainperformanceforthespecificenvironmentoffear,likesquare,closedenvironment,crowdedpublicplaces.Agyiophobia—beafraidoftreetDemophobia—beafraidofcrowdAgoraphobia—beafraidofspaciousplaceAmaxophobia—beafraidofgoingbybus,trainAgoraphobiaWhenexposedtothesourceofthefear,thereisasensationofuncontrollableanxiety.Afeelingthatatallcosts,thesourceofthatfearmustbeavoided.Theanxietyissooverwhelmingwhenconfrontedwiththesourceofthefearthatthepersonisunabletofunctionproperly.Afeelingofanxietywhenthesourceofthefearisnottherebutissimplythoughtabout.SymptomsofphobiaPartThreeCauses03CommoncausesforspecificphobiasTheseusuallydevelopwhenthechildisbetweenfourandeightyearsofage.Insomecasesitmaybetheresultofsomethingthathappenedearlyinlife.Asmentionedabove,witnessingafamilymember'sphobiaisacommoncauseforphobiaswhichstartedduringchildhood.CommoncausesforcomplexphobiasThecausesofagoraphobiaorsocialphobiaarestillamystery,nobodyisreallysure.•Healthcareprofessionalsbelievetheyarecausedbyacombinationoflifeexperiences,brainchemistryandgenetics.•Socialphobiasaremorelikelytobecausedbyanextremelystressfulexperiencethanagoraphobia,researcherssay.PartFourTreament04•Actually,everybodyisafraidofsomething.•Beingafraidisnotsomethingterribleorshameful•Onthecontrary,fearkeepsusawayfromtheuncontrollableandunknowndanger.TakeiteasyHowtotreatphobiasliedownandrelaxyourselfimaginetheterrifiedthingstopwhenyoufeelhighanxietyrelax,thenrepeattheimaginingphobiaformationtheoriesCognitivebehavioraltherapyCognitivebehavioraltherapydoesnotmeanforcethepatienttodosomethingtheyscared.Mostimportantly,thosewithphobiaslearntobecomemastersoftheirownfeelingsandthoughts.Behavioraltherapy•Behaviortherapy-desensitization(exposuretherapy),ifdoneproperlycanhelppatientsaltertheirresponsetothesourceoftheirfear.Patientsareexposedtothecauseoftheirphobiaingradualprogressivesteps.phobiaformationtheories•Inthiscase,thedoctor’sobjectiveistohelpthepatientrevealthedeeperpsychologicalproblem•Then,thedoctorwillteachthepatienttoreactdifferentlywhenheorshewasexposedtothecircumstancetheyscared.Thetherapiestotreatphobias单击此处添加文字内容1Revealthedeeperpsychologicalproblem•Strictlyspeaking,therearenodrugstoeliminatefears,butsomedrugsplaysasignificantroleinreducinganxietyonacertainkindofphobia.•forfearofattackimipraminesometimeshasadramaticeffectThetherapiestotreatphobias单击此处添加文字内容2DrugtreatmentRelaxationinpsychology,istheemotionalstateofalivingbeing,oflowtension,inwhichthereisanabsenceofarousalthatcouldcomefromsourcessuchasanger,anxiety,orfear.Relaxationhelpsimprovecopingwithphobias.Thetherapiestotreatphobias单击此处添加文字内容3RelaxationtherapyOurpresentationmainlyinroducethetypesandtreatmentmethodsofmodernsocialphobias.Ifthephobiadoesnotcausesevereproblems,mostpatientsfindthatbysimplyavoidingthesourceoftheirfearisenoughtostayincontrol.Somephobiasarenotpossibletoavoid,asmaybethecasewithaviophobia(fearofflying).Insuchcasesprofessionalhelpshouldbesought.ConclusionPhobiaThankyouTheend