实用物流专业英语1

实用物流专业英语主编李卫平张虹AnIntroductiontoBusinessLogisticsPartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsPartIISampleCommunicationsPartIIIPracticalReadingsPartIDefinitionofBusinessLogistics对许多人来说，当“七个正确(SevenRights)”提供了物流的一个良好的功能定义时，往往会涉及到哪些内容呢？其实，“七个正确(SevenRights)”表明：一名物流师的工作就是要确保将正确数量的正确产品在正确的时间内和正确的条件下以正确的价格在正确的地点送到正确的客户手中。物流还可以简练地表述为：“物流的意意思是在正确的地点、正确的时间得到正确的东西。”Formanypeople,whatisoftenreferredtoasthe“SevenRights”providesagoodworkingdefinitionoflogistics.The“SevenRights”statesthatthelogistician’sjobistoensuretheavailabilityoftherightproductattherighttimeintherightquantityintherightconditionattherightplacefortherightcustomerattherightcost.Logisticscanalsobebrieflydescribedlikethis:Logisticsmeanshavingtherightthing,attherightplace,attherighttime.PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsBusinesslogisticsreferstoagroupofrelatedactivitiesallinvolvedinthemovementandstorageofproductsandinformation-fromthesourcesofrawmaterialsthroughtofinalconsumersandbeyondrecyclinganddisposal.Businesslogisticsisarelativelynewtermandconceptinmodernbusinessvocabulary;itsoriginscanbetracedbacktoWorldWarIIwhentheabilitytomobilizepersonnelandmaterialwascriticaltotheoutcomeofthewar.商业物流设计一些列有关的活动，所有这些活动都发生在产品的搬移、仓储以及通过最终客户来自于原料资源的信息，而且远远超过了回收和废品处理的概念。相对来说，商业物流在现代商业词汇里是一个新术语、新概念，其源头可追溯到第二次世界大战，那时人员和补给的转移能力对战争的结果起着至关重要的作用。PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsInthe1960sand1970sthetermsphysicaldistribution,distribution,materialsmanagement,andphysicalsupplywerecommon.Physicaldistributionanddistributionrefertotheoutboundflowofgoodsfromtheendoftheproductionprocesstotheconsumer;physicalsupplyandmaterialsmanagementrefertotheinboundflowofmaterialtotheproductionprocess.Astheimportanceofcoordinatingtheentireflowofmaterialfromtherawmaterialstotheendconsumerbecamerecognized,thetermbusinesslogisticsbecamewidelyusedtoreflectthebroadeningoftheconcept.Today,thetermsupplychainmanagementiscomingintousetoreflecttheimportanceofformingalliancesandpartnershipstostreamlinetheflowofmaterials.Businesslogisticsremainsthedominant,all-encompassingtermforthisimportantconceptatthistime.二十世纪六十至其实年代，像物流、配送、物料管理和物资供应之类的术语很普遍了。物流和配送涉及到产品从生产流程末端到用户手里的向外运输过程；物资供应和物料管理涉及到物料由内向生产流程方向的流动。当协调从原材料向产品的最终用户整个物流过程的重要性被人们所公认，商业物流这个术语被广泛使用，来反映物流概念的拓展。当今，供应链管理这个术语正付储使用，以反映组建联盟和合作伙伴关系，使物流称为流水线的重要性。在这个时代，商业物流仍然占有统治地位，这一重要概念已成为包罗万象的术语。PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsAlthoughthesedefinitionsreferprimarilytomanagingtheflowofgoods,businesslogisticsisalsoimportantinserviceorganizations.Itisimportanttorecognizethatallfirmsproducebothgoodsandservices,somemoreofonethantheother,thatallfirmspurchasesuppliesandthatallmustmeetorexceedcustomerexpectations.虽然这些基本概念涉及到物流管理，但是商业物流在服务性组织里仍然很重要。重要的是认识到，所有企业都提供商品和服务，而有些企业比其他企业能提供更多的商品和服务;所有的企业都购买供应品和必须满足或超越顾客的期望。PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsTotheorganization,businesslogisticsisimportantinseveralways.First,businesslogisticsprovidesanopportunityforthefirmtocreateasustainablecompetitiveadvantageforitselfbydesigningasystemwhichfulfillscustomers’needsbetterthanthecompetition.Forexample,thefirmcouldofferfaster,moreaccurate,andmoreconsistentorderfillinganddeliverythancompetitorsarecapableofproviding.Secondly,duetoitscomplexity,asuperiorlogisticssystemisaproprietaryassetthatcannotbeeasilyduplicated.Manyfirmshavebeguntoviewbusinesslogisticsasaneffectivecompetitiveweapon.(Source:)对于组织而言，在一些方面商业物流很重要。首先，商业物流给贸易公司本身创造了一个稳定的竞争优势，这一优势是由公司自己设计的管理系统最大限度地满足用户需要，而不是要加剧竞争来实现。例如，公司能比那些有能力提供的竞争对手更快地、更精确地、更具持续性地提供订单和配送服务。其次，由于物流本身的复杂性，一个高级的物流系统就是资产所有权的实体，是不可能被轻易复制的。许多公司已经开始考虑将商业物流作为一件有效的竞争武器。(来源于:)·PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsGlobaloperationsincreaselogisticscostandcomplexity.Estimated1997logisticscostforindustrializednationsexceeded$5trillion,or13.4percentofestimatedglobalGrossDomesticProduct(GDP).Intermsofcomplexity,globaloperations，incontrasttodomestic,arecharacterizedbyincreaseduncertaintyanddecreasedabilitytocontrol.Uncertaintyresultsfromgreaterdistances,longerleadtimes,anddecreasedmarketknowledge.Decreasedabilitytocontrolresultsfromtheextensiveuseofinternationalservicefirmscoupledwithpotentialgovernmentinterventioninsuchareasascustomsrequirementsandtraderestrictions.Theseuniquecomplicatedevelopmentofanefficientandeffectiveglobalsupplychainstrategy.Fortunately,thereareforcesthatbothdriveandfacilitateglobalizationandnecessitateborderlesslogisticsoperations.(Source:DonaldJ.Bowersox,DavidJ.Closs,M.BixbyCooper.SupplyChainLogisticsManagementCopyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.)PartIDefinitionofBusinessLogisticsPartIISampleCommunicationsA:Hello,Mr.Smith.B:Hi,Ellen.What'sup?A:Mr.Smith,couldyoutellmewhatbizlogisticsmeans?B:Oh,yes,youknowwhatthewordbizmeans?Itisashortformofbusiness.Andthephrasebizlogisticsmeansbusinesslogistics.A:WhatisthedifferencebetweenlogisticsandbizLogistics?B:Youknowthesetwoconceptshavethesamemeanings,butlogisticsisgeneral.Andthenbizlogisticsstressesspecifictermonatradeorbusiness.Theformerincludesafewofdefinitions,suchasmilitarydefinition,businessdefinition.Thelatterincludesseveralcomponents,includingtheprocurement,mainten