高考英语总复习―构词法(精品公开课)

Grammar构词法(一)(WordFormation)高考英语语法总复习Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?•It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!•Guessthemeaning!Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.根据构词法猜词1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet.首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。dis+honest不诚实的speech+less说不出话的pick+pocket扒手构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅一.合成名词seafoodgreenhouse二.合成动词overcomewhitewash三.合成形容词snow-whiteman-made四.合成副词however;anyway五.合成代词something;everything六.合成介词withininsidefire+fighter=firefighterfriend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seasideMakecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,friend,B:side,fighter,ship,by,known,Model:part+time=part-timePracticeI二、转化法（Conversion）：指一个词不变词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送.WealwayswalkhandinhandPleasehandmethebook.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话→打电话slow慢的→放慢front前面→前面的down向下→击倒hand手→交给warm暖的→使温暖black黑色→黑色的back向后→后退record录音→记录empty空的→倒空noble贵族→高贵的up向上→提高date日期→定日期better较好→改善key钥匙→关键的name名字→命名cool凉爽→使冷face脸→面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美的chief主要的→首领thewounded受伤的人们study学习→书房fit适合→适合的first第一的→第一个theblind盲人们lookat→havealookatwrong错误的→错误thebeautiful美丽的东西转化法例释三、派生法Derivation指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词派生法前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀加前缀：happy---___happy加后缀：develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______注意:派生词的前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化.unmentunment派生词（derivation）Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedHeenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan______yourlife.(rich)enrich常见的否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义。前缀意义用法例词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反动作加在动词前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,排出dismiss解雇mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.sharpenv.__________________strength_____________brightPracticeIIGuessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtocooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.进口生物物理学合作运输明星四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVVIPSOS!rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese请做下列高考真题。1.(2013)Thatwouldbeavery_______(reason)thingtodoinabigcity.思路点拨：reasonable在名词前作定语要用形容词。真题再练2.(2013)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t________(possible)destroyavillage.思路点拨：possibly修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，用副词。注意：以-ble接尾的形容词，其副词形式通常是将ble改为bly。3.(2012)ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_________(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther…思路点拨：pleased在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。4.(2007)Wedranktogetherandtalked_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.思路点拨：merrily修饰动词talked作状语，用副词。5.(2011)Hemustbe________(mental)disabled.思路点拨：mentally修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。6.(2010)Histeachertookadeepdrink，smiled_________(warm)，andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.思路点拨：warmly修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。Useyourimagination,you’llgetadifferentworld.想象给生活插上翅膀，让我们在学习的天空中越飞越高！1.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________changelikepossiblefriendlookunderstandathletereadtranslate2.给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______6.cover_________7.known_______8.practical_________9.tidy_______10.perfect_________11.visible_______12.fit_________disagreeincompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracti