必修五unit1 语法

Thisisapollutedriver.（过去分词作定语）Itisafloodedvillage.Grammar一、过去分词作定语1、构成:v+ed或不规则的变化动词2.过去分词本身的含义:①不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成fallenleaves落叶returnedstudents归国留学生newly-arrivedvisitors新到的客人②及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。thecoldboiledwater冷开水adevelopedcountry3.位置：①单个过去分词作前置定语:•arecently-builthouse•home-grownvegetables•man-madefibers②过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．abrokenheartanorganizedtrip=aheartwhichisbroken=atripwhichisorganized过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换为一个对应的定语从句。thegirldressedinwhite=thegirlwhoisdressedinwhitethebookwrittenbyLuxun=thebookwhichiswrittenbyLuxun过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。Heisoneofthoseinvited.Nothingreportedinthenewspaperwillinteresthim.Isthereanythingunsolved?1.Hevisitedthebridgebuiltlastyear.2.Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwillbeverylarge.3.Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltnow?4.动词的过去分词，不定式和动词-ing的被动形式在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，但时间意义上不同。二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。Someproblemsstillremainedunsolved.be动词和系动词1、be动词2、表示变化的动词:become,get,turn,go,grow等3、感官动词:look,feel,smell,taste,sound等4、还有stay,keep,remain,turnout等（１）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。（２）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：Theglassisbroken.OurclassroomiscrowdedTheglasswasbrokenbyJack.ThewindowswereclosedbyTomlastnight.现在分词与过去分词他们的区别1.语态上现在分词:表示主动的动作过去分词:表示已经被动的动作2.时间上现在分词:表示正在进行的动作过去分词:表示完成的意思Iheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.Iheardthedooropened.thefallingleavesthefallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwatertherisingsuntherisensun3.现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。Thenewsisexciting.Wewereexcitedtohearit.•总结过去分词和V-ing形式的区别:•表主动的，进行的，表特征---含有“令人……”之意•表被动的，完成的，表状态---含有“感到……”之意V-ing形式过去分词•amusing,amused;•encouraging,encouraged;•disappointing,disappointed;•puzzling,puzzled;•satisfying,satisfied;•tiring,tired;•pleasing,pleased;•astonishing,astonished等。•英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：1.A.Nobodywasinthestoryhetold.B.Thestoryhetoldwasvery.(interested,interesting)2.A.Everybodywastohearthenews.B.Thenewsisveryindeed.(excited,exciting)3.A.Theresultofthetestwasrather.B.Hewasveryattheresultofthetest.(disappointed,disappointing)4.A.Whathesaidwasvery.B.Iwasveryatthesight.(amused,amusing)Fillintheblankwithproperwords.interestedinterestingexcitedexcitingdisappointingdisappointedamusingamused1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。2.ThegirlwhoisdressedinredisKelly’slong-lostfriend.=Thegirl_________________isKelly’slong-lostfriend.练习一．句型转换1.Athiefstolethegoatthatwastiredtothetree.=Athiefstolethegoat______tothetree.tireddressedinred3.Thecastle,whichwasburntdowninthesixteenthcentury,wasneverrebuilt.=Thecastle,_________________________________,wasneverrebuilt.burntdowninthesixteenthcentury4.Fatherbeatthesonwhowaslostintheonlinegames.=Fatherbeattheson________intheonlinegames.lost5.Theproject,whichwasdesignedbytheChineseengineers,wasconstructedinonly2year.=Theproject,_________________________________,wasconstructedinonly2year.designedbythechineseengineers练习二单句改错1.Theywereallamusingatwhathesaid.2.Hewasveryexcitingtohearthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.3.Thesituationwasabitdiscouraged.4.Twopagesinthisdictionaryaremissed.5.Yourmotherisquiteworryingaboutyourstareofhealth.1.Asisknowntousall,travelingis______,butweoftenfeel______whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interested;tiredA练习三单选2.Hearingthe____news,weallfelt___.A.encouraging,encouraging,B.encouraged,encouragedC.encouraged,encouragingD.encouraging,encouragedD3.Fromthedates______onthegoldcoin,itisconfirmedthatwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarkedB4.The_______lookinherfacesuggestedthatshe_______itbefore.A.surprising,wouldn’tknowB.surprised,hadn’tknownC.surprising,hadn’tknownD.surprised,shouldn’tknowB5.Thepicturewriting_______longlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.A.havingbeendrawnB.beingdrawnC.wasdrawnD.drawnD6.Theman______thereismyuncle.A.seatB.seatingC.toseatD.seatedD7.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.writtenD.beingwrittenCPractice1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Withalotofdifferentproblems__