副词及副词词组

高中英语语法专讲副词及副词词组AdverbandAdverbPhrase副词的主要内容副词的分类及位置副词的构成副词在句中的作用副词的分类一、时间副词1.“什么时候”的副词(when提问)now,then,soon,ago,recently（最近）,lately,later,finally,before,early,today，tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,immediately（立刻）,already,just,rightaway,since,atonce.2.“经常与否”的频度副词(howoften提问)Always,often,usually,frequently（频繁地）,continually（不断地）,sometimes,occasionally（偶尔）,seldom（很少）,hardlyever,never3.时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：Hewenthomeyesterday.Yesterdayhewenthome.（2）而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon,recently,suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：HewenttoParisrecently.HerecentlywenttoParis.RecentlyhewenttoParis.(3)still,already,just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：He’sjustleftforschool.他刚刚去学校。Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：Shewasstill[stillwas]beautifulattheageofforty.她到了40岁仍然很美。Ialreadyhavetoldhimaboutit.我已经把情况告诉他1.It’seleveno’clock_____andI’m____sittinghereandchattingwithyou.Ihaven’tpreparedlunchformyson____.Hewillbebackfromschoolinhalfanhour.a.already,still,yetb.still,already,yetc.yet,still,alreadyd.already,yet,still2.Ireallyhavenoideawhoyouare.Inspiteofyourexplanation,I____whenandwherewemetbefore.A.stillcannotrememberB.cannotrememberstillC.cannotstillrememberD.canstillnotremember二、地点副词1.表示地点的副词Here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,abroad,elsewhere2.表示方位的副词Above,below,down,up,out,on,across,back,along,over,around,away,near,inside3.地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Canyouhelptocarrythistableupstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?Theboyreadquietlyoverthereallafternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书三、方式副词1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，一般用how来提问。许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily,anxiously,badly,calmly,bravely,fluently,gratefully,suddenly,successfully,slowly,2.方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：Hereadtheletterslowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说：Welikeverymuchit.(应改为Welikeitverymuch.)但可说：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.注：若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：Helookedatmecuriously./Helookedcuriouslyatme.Helookedcuriouslyateveryonewhogotofftheplane.Theplainclothespolicemen____whogotofftheplane.A.lookedatsuspiciouslyeverypassengerB.lookedatsuspiciouslyateverypassengerC.suspiciouslylookedateverypassengerD.lookedateverypassengersuspiciously3.方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：Hequicklygotdressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。Heangrilytoreuptheletter.他很生气，把信撕碎了。4.有的方式副词(如bravely,cleverly,cruelly,foolishly,generously,kindly,secretly,simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：Theysecretlydecidedtoleavethetown.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。Theydecidedtoleavethetownsecretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。Heansweredthequestionsfoolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。Hefoolishlyansweredthequestions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。Whenweheardthebadnews,wealllooked___atthemasterandfeltquite___.A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sad五、程度副词1.程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,awfully,deeply,partly,perfectly,really等。2.程度副词的用法注意点(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much,rather等)和最高级：Housesaremuchmoreexpensivethesedays.如今的房价贵多了。【注】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quitebetter(身体康复)这一表达。(2)有的程度副词(如quite,rather,almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly,pretty,very等)则不能修饰动词：Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly,pretty,very)Weratherlikethefilm.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly,pretty,very)(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：It’squite[rather]agoodidea./It’saquite[rather]goodidea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前：Itwasquite[rather]asuccess.那事相当成功1.LotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheis____city.A.soabeautifulB.veryabeautifulC.suchbeautifulD.quiteabeautiful2.Ifitisthebestthingtodo,itcannotbedone____soon.A.tooB.enoughC.muchD.ever六、连接副词1.用于连接句子或从句的连接副词（可以和并列连词搭配使用，所引导的分句并非从句）。（1）表示列举和顺序的副词：First(ly),second(ly),third(ly);next,then,finally,last,lastly…Thisprojectwon’twork:forastart,it’sabadidea,andsecondly,It’llcosttoomuchTheytalkedaboutitforhours.Finally,theydecidedtogo.(2)表示递减和引申的副词：Also,besides,furthermore,moreover,then,inaddition,aboveall…Thehouseisnotbigenoughforus,andfurthermore,itistoofarfromtown.Theyateaseven-coursemeal;besides,theydrankthreebottlesofwineJimwenttoanswerthephone.____,Harrystartedtopreparelunch.a.Howeverb.Neverthelessc.Besidesd.Meanwhile(3)表示结果的连接性副词：Consequently,hence,so,therefore,thus,asaresultItrainedheavilyforthreedaysonend.Consequently,allthelandherewasunderthewater.Hedidn’tworkhard.Therefore,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.(4)表示意义转折和让步的副词:Instead,onthecontrary,anyhow,anyway,however,though,afterall,…Hetakesnointerestinstudies;instead,heplaystennisallday.Wealltriedourbest;however,welostthegame./Wealltriedourbest.However,welostthegame.2.引导分句的连接副词（名词性从句、状语从句).When,why,where,howWhyheleftsoabruptlyisnotknowntoanyofus.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Whereverheoncelivediswellpreserved.Nobodycantellwhenshewillarrive.SheaskedmewhereIwasoffto.Iwonderedhowhecouldmakesuchrapidprogressinhisstudy.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherehehappenstobe,Johncanmak