四种常用的全球1-km-土地覆盖

:100020240(2009)03204902111km:2008210228;:2008212211:(40871190);2008;(CXTD2Z200522):(1980),,,,2008,GIS.E2mail:[e-mail],,(,730000):.,,,.(),110,4,2(IGBPDISCover);(UMd);(JRC)(SAI)2000(GLC2000);MODIS2000(MOD12Q1).4.:4,GLC2000MODIS,IGBP,3;UMd.4,4.,,.:;;;:X87/F301.24:A0/,[1-3].,[4-7].,2[2,8].,[7],,SIB2CoLM()[9-10].,,Landsat7AVHRRSPOT4VEGETATIONEOSTerraAqua(MODIS),.,41km:1)231320096JOURNALOFGLACIOLOGYANDGEOCRYOLOGYVol.31No.3Jun.2009[11];2)[12-13];3)(JRC)(SAI),2000[14];4)MODIS[15].,,,110[16-19].,,,,.,.11.14,:1)2(IGBPDISCover)[11];2)(UMd)[12];3)(JRC)(SAI)2000,(GLC2000)[14,20];4)2001MODIS(MODIS)[15,21].41.1.2,;,,,110.5a,199019952000110[17].LandsatMSS,TMETM,.[17-18].110,6(),31.,.2000110,()1km,100%,4.,4,21,110()50m50m,.().22.1IGBP2DISCoverUMdGLC2000MODIS,.,(2),41.,4,,.1IGBP2DISCoverUMdGLC2000MODISTable1AsummaryofIGBP2DISCover,UMd,GLC2000andMODISlandcoverproductsIGBPDISCoverUMdGLC2000MODIS1992204199320319922041993203200020120002122001201200220112NDVINDVIAVHRR(15)411a10dNDIV16dBRDF716dEVIIGBP(17)IGBP(14)LCCS(22)IGBP(17)1943:1km2()Table2Thesevenaggregatedclassesforthefour1kmproductsinChina(k)IGBP2DIS/MODISUMdGLC200012345672.2(R)..,IGBP2DIS2CoverUMdGLC2000MODIS2000110,4.:Ri=7k=1(xk-Šx)(yk-…y)7k=1(xk-Šx)27k=1(yk-…y)2(1):i1,,4,4;k1,,7,7;xk;yk;Šx7;…y7.2.3..,IGBP2DISCoverUMdGLC2000MODIS2000110(),4.Kappa:=7k=1nkkn(2)Kappa=7k=1nkk-7k=1nk+n+kn2-7k=1nk+n+k(3):n;nkkk;nk+k;n+k4k.33.131100,2.2,4,,ABC3,UMd.3.2,.4.34,.,,,,NDVI,;,4,MODIS;294313943:1km,4.,.4,GLC2000,MODIS,494313IGBPDISCover,4UMd.3.33.3.17IGBPDISCover,UMd,GLC2000MODIS36.MODIS,Kappa0143,57162%,MODIS,55174%,18145%.UMd,Kappa0135,53126%,UMd4,35112%,,18176%,4,,45112%.IGBPDISCoverGLC2000,.,4,,,,,,.3IGBPDISCoverTable3TheconfusionmatrixofIGBPDISCoverandreferencedataIGBPDISCover/52.8911.9417.980.510.8526.699.5218.9566.720.5244.3914.2838.3537.4926.1110.3556.821.7368.621.0236.380.639.531.5152.651.5910.886.650.250.140.790.031.380.220.580.120.120.10.040.060.380.131.051.212.280.653.242.489.25:Kappa=0.41;=56.5%.4UMdTable4TheconfusionmatrixofUMdandreferencedataUMd/49.2513.698.190.712.6612.792.4334.1566.144.9148.8343.1451.1637.5315.728.8945.120.5547.1426.6418.760.2810.770.3349.531.086.2460.020.010.1102.960.050.16N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.580.541.350.383.023.1235.12:Kappa=0.35;=53.26%.5GLC2000Table5TheconfusionmatrixofGLC2000andreferencedataGLC2000/57.0915.1720.81.6114.9516.0111.5825.7162.1122.3533.0416.8945.4837.8214.29.0451.421.7660.6221.9431.81.8212.692.5163.152.4814.88.930.050.010.1300.7200.230.160.020.300.970.150.640.970.962.490.443.361.619:Kappa=0.41;=56.74%.5943:1km6MODISTable6TheconfusionmatrixofMODISandreferencedataMODIS/60.6615.0419.351.3511.1210.7911.4417.155.7420.1824.3414.1341.5131.7719.379.454.351.4563.2731.432.321.0618.451.9772.212.1713.7211.650.890.332.550.097.010.533.180.40.060.160.010.180.290.210.530.961.430.562.131.779.43:Kappa=0.43;=57.62%.3.3.224,,,4,IGBPDISCover,86188%;MODIS,85139%;GLC2000,84155%;UMd83159%.4,;,.3.4110,,21,4,21[22].2190[23](5),200km200km.4(7)1km50m50m,.50m50m,4.3.4.164.50m50m1km1km5Fig.5ThedistributionofthesamplingunitsoverChina,1101km,(),().450m50m50m50m.114,11.(3)40%.6GLC2000MODIS,MODIS1,GLC20004;IGBP,1,UMd40%,6,.3.4.2,6943164(:5)Fig.6Spatialdistributionoftheclassificationaccuracyforthefourlandcoverproducts(thenumbercorrespondstothesamplingunitshowedinFig.5)[22],,..74.100%,,100%211km1km.1km1km450m50m(),.7,().,61112%,,,.35174%34134%.,,,,,,,3456.4,,,,,.4IGBPDISCover,UMd,GLC2000MODIS.2000110,74.4,,4,GLC2000MODIS,IG2BP,3;UMd7943:1km74Fig.7Classificationaccuracy,ratingerrorandmixed2pixelerrorforthefourlandcoverproducts.4,4..,:,,;.,,,,,.,.,,.,1100110,1km.,,,,.(References):[1]SellersPJ,DickinsonRE,RandallDA,etal.Modelingtheexchangesofenergy,water,andcarbonbetweencontinentsandtheatmosphere[J].Science,1997,275(5299):502-509.[2]IPCC.ClimateChange2001:TheScientificBasis.Contribu2tionofWorkingGroupItotheThirdAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange[M].Cam2bridge,NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2001.[3]IGBP.TheInternationalGeosphereBiosphereProgramme:Astudyofglobalchange[C]//TheInitialCoreProjects.IGBPGlobalChangeReportNo.12[R].InternationalGeosphereBiosphereProgramme,Stockholm,Sweden,1990.[4]AspinallR,JusticeC.Alanduseandlandcoverchangesci2encestrategy[E/OL].SummaryofaWorkshopheldattheSmithsonianInstitution,Novermber19-21,2003,availableathttp:[5]TurnerBLII,SkoleD,SandersonS,etal.Land2UseandLand2CoverChange,inScience/ResearchPlan[R].HDPReport7/IGBPReport35,StockholmandGeneva,1995.[6]CrutzenPJ,AndreaeMO.Biomassburninginthetropics-impactonatmosphericchemistryandbiogeochemicalcycles[J].Science,1990,250(4988):1669-1678.[7]KellerM,JacobDJ,WofsySC,etal.Effectsoftropicalde2forestationonglobalandregionalatmosphericchemistry[J].ClimaticChange,1991,19:139-158.[8]Hederson2SellersA,WilsonMF.Surfacealbedodataforcli2maticmodeling[J].ReviewofGeophysicsandSpacePhysics,1983,21:1743-1778.[9]DaiYongjiu,ZengXubin,RobertE,etal.CommonLandModel(CLM)(TechnicalDocume