您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 医学/心理学 > 药学 > 有机药物合成路线解析——镇痛药与中枢兴奋药
有机药物合成路线解析——镇痛药与中枢兴奋药主要内容•镇痛药羟吗啡酮地佐辛盐酸他喷他多地氟烷纳美芬•中枢兴奋药二甲黄酸赖右苯丙胺洛贝林镇痛药•镇痛药主要作用于中枢神经系统,缓解疼痛的作用较强,用于剧痛;•区别:解热镇痛药作用部位不在中枢神经系统,缓解疼痛的作用较弱,多用于钝痛,还具有抗炎作用。镇痛药的分类根据药物作用靶点分类阿片受体完全激动药阿片受体部分混合激动药其他镇痛药解救镇痛药急性中毒&用于镇痛药理论研究阿片受体拮抗药阿片受体完全激动药羟吗啡酮Numorphan(Oxymorphone)CAS#:76-41-5首次上市时间:2006年作用和用途与吗啡同,但无镇咳作用。肌注的等效镇痛效力为吗啡的10倍。用于中度至重度疼痛的止痛,也可用于产科止痛。静注可用于辅助麻醉。MeOHNOOHOHSSRR羟吗啡酮合成路线主要原料OMeMeMeOONHRSRThebaine蒂巴因,二甲基吗啡羟吗啡酮合成路线Step1OMeMeMeOONHRSRAbsolutestereochemistry.R:L-Selectride,S:H2O,rtOMeMeONHOHRSRAbsolutestereochemistry.NOTE:Reactants:1,Reagents:1,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1羟吗啡酮合成路线Step2OMeMeONHOHRSRAbsolutestereochemistry.1.3R:NaOH,S:H2O,30C,pH9.161.2R:H2,C:Pd,S:Me2CHOH,18h,rt,46-52psi1.1R:HCO2H,R:H2O2,S:H2O,30-40C;40C;4h,40-50CMeOHNOOHOHSSRRAbsolutestereochemistry.95%NOTE:optimizationstudy,Reactants:1,Reagents:4,Catalysts:1,Solvents:2,Steps:1,Stages:3阿片受体部分混合激动药地佐辛Dalgan(Dezocine)CAS#:53648-55-8首次上市时间:1991年镇痛作用强于喷他佐辛,与吗啡相似,是κ受体激动剂,也是μ受体拮抗剂,成瘾性小。皮下、肌内注射吸收迅速。适用于治疗手术后中等至剧烈疼痛、内脏绞痛及晚期癌症患者的疼痛。MeNH2OH地佐辛合成路线主要原料MeOMeO1-Methyl-7-methoxy-2-tetralone1-甲基-7-甲氧基-2-四氢萘酮(CH2)5BrBr1,5-Dibromopentane1,5-二溴戊烷NaH/氢化钠H2NOHHClHydroxylaminehydrochloride盐酸羟胺地佐辛合成路线Step1Br(CH2)5Br+MeOMeOC:95088-20-3,C:NaOH,S:PhMe,22C(CH2)5MeOMeBrORAbsolutestereochemistry.NOTE:AsymmetricAlkylation,Reactants:2,Catalysts:2,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1地佐辛合成路线Step2(CH2)5MeOMeBrOR:NaH,S:DMF,25-30C;30C100C;5h,90-100CMeOMeO78%NOTE:Reactants:1,Reagents:1,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1地佐辛合成路线Step3MeOMeOR:H2NOH-HCl,S:C5H5N,rt50C;5h,40-50C;24h,refluxMeOMeNHO93%NOTE:overallyieldwas62%overthreesteps,Reactants:1,Reagents:1,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1阿片受体部分混合激动药盐酸他喷他多TapentadolhydrochlorideCAS#:175591-09-0首次上市时间:2008年新型的具有双重功效的中枢止痛剂,它既是μ受体激动剂同时又抑制中枢去甲肾上腺素再摄取,是迄今为止研发的第一个同时具有上述两种药理作用的单一分子药物。镇痛谱广,包括各种急性和慢性疼痛。镇痛作用是吗啡的1/2~1/3。临床应用副反应轻微,耐受良好。EtMeNMe2HORR盐酸他喷他多合成路线主要原料MeOCH2OHm-Anisylalcohol间甲氧基苯甲醇CH2MgH3CBrBromoethylmagnesium乙基溴化镁PhPhHO2CCO2HOOOORRL-(-)-DibenzoyltartaricacidL-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸NCH3H3CCH2+Cl-Methylenedimethylammoniumchloride亚甲基二甲基氯化铵CH2BrCH3Bromicether溴代乙烷盐酸他喷他多合成路线Step1MeOCH2OHR:NH3,R:O2,C:Al2O3,C:56321-86-9,S:THF,5h,120C,6atmMeOCN85%NOTE:solid-supportedcatalyst,Al2O3-supportedrutheniumhydroxideusedascatalyst,optimizationstudy,optimizedonsolventandcatalyst,catalystrecycled,Reactants:1,Reagents:2,Catalysts:2,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1盐酸他喷他多合成路线Step2EtBr+MeOCN(Step1.2)1.3R:H+,S:H2O,acidify1.26h1.1R:Mg,S:THF,S:PhMe,2hEtMeOCONOTE:Reactants:2,Reagents:2,Solvents:3,Steps:1,Stages:3盐酸他喷他多合成路线Step3Me2NH-HCl+HCHO+EtMeOCO+PhPhHO2CCO2HOOOORRAbsolutestereochemistry.Rotation(-).(Step2.1)+EtMgCl(Step4.1)+AcCl(Step5.1)6.1R:H2,C:Pd,S:96-47-9,2atm;40C;4h,40C5.1S:96-47-9,rt5C;10min,20C;1h,20C4.2R:AcOH,S:H2O,30min,rt4.1S:THF,rt2C;50min,25C;3h,22C3.1R:Et2NH,S:t-BuOMe,3h,rt2.1S:EtOH,rt38C;48h,38C;38C22C;14h,22C1.1R:HCl,S:H2O,S:Me2CHOH,rtreflux;5h,refluxEtMeNMe2MeORRAbsolutestereochemistry.Rotation(+).NOTE:1)paraformaldehydeused,3)alternativepreparationshown,4)stereoselective,6)stereoselective,Reactants:6,Reagents:4,Catalysts:1,Solvents:6,Steps:6,Stages:7,Moststagesinanyonestep:2盐酸他喷他多合成路线Step4EtMeNMe2MeORRAbsolutestereochemistry.Rotation(+).2.2R:HCl,S:Me2CO,20-25C;3h,0-5C2.1R:MeSO3H,R:L-Methionine,16h,75-80C;80C25C1.1R:HCl,S:Me2CO,15min,5-25C;25C5C;2hEtMeNMe2HORRHClAbsolutestereochemistry.Rotation(-).NOTE:1)stereoselective,Reactants:1,Reagents:3,Solvents:1,Steps:2,Stages:3,Moststagesinanyonestep:2其他镇痛药地氟烷Suprane(Desflurane)CAS#:57041-67-5首次上市时间:1992年含氟吸入麻醉药,为异氟烷的氟代氯化物。用于成人全麻的诱导和维持及小儿全麻的维持。麻醉的诱导及苏醒均快,易于调节麻醉深度。对循环系统的影响比其他吸入麻醉药小,对肝肾功能无损害。吸入性麻醉药经肺泡动脉入血,而到达脑组织,阻断其突触传递功能,引起全身麻醉。其作用机制的学说很多,尚未趋统一。FCF3F2CHCHO地氟烷合成路线主要原料F3CCHF2CH2O2,2,2-trifluoroethyldifluoromethylether2,2,2-三氟乙基二氟甲基醚地氟烷合成路线Step1F3CCHF2CH2O(Step1.2)1.20-5C;24h,20-40C1.1R:FeCl3,S:CCl4,30min,0CCF3F2CHClCHO75%NOTE:Reactants:1,Reagents:1,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:2地氟烷合成路线Step2CF3F2CHClCHOR:HF,C:SbF5,15-20CFCF3F2CHCHO98%NOTE:optimizationstudy,Reactants:1,Reagents:1,Catalysts:1,Steps:1,Stages:1阿片受体拮抗药纳美芬Revex(Nalmefene)CAS#:55096-26-9首次上市时间:1995年为纯粹的阿片受体拮抗剂,本身无内在活性,但能竞争性拮抗μ、κ、δ阿片受体,其中与μ受体的亲和力最强。目前是最有效的、副作用最小的、没有残留的阿片类毒品拮抗剂,使用纳美芬长效缓释剂防止复吸是最有效、最可靠、最安全、最理想的治疗方法。OHNOCH2HOHSSRS纳美芬合成路线主要原料MeOHONHOHHHSRSRRCCl3ClCH2OCOCH2OHCCH3H3CCH3OHKMorphine吗啡2,2,2-TrichloroethoxyCarbonylchloride氯甲酸-2,2,2-三氯乙酯tert-Butoxypotassiumsalt叔丁醇钾Cyclopropanemethanol环丙甲醇纳美芬合成路线Step1CH2OHC:Ph3PBr2,S:DMF,-5C22CCH2BrNOTE:ConversionofAlcoholsintoAlkylBromides,Reactants:1,Catalysts:1,Solvents:1,Steps:1,Stages:1纳美芬合成路线Step2MeOHONHOHHHSRSRRAbsolutestereochemistry.Rotation(-).1.2R:N2H4,S:H2O,63h,reflux1.1R:NaHCO3,R:ClCO2Me,S:CHCl3,20h,refluxOHONHHOHHSRSRRAbsolutestereochemistry.NOTE:Reactants:1,Reagents:3,Solvents:2,Steps:1,Stages:2纳美芬合成路线Step3ClCO2CH2CCl3+OHONHHOHHSRSRRAbsolutestereochemistry.+CH2Br(Step6.1)+t-BuOK(Step9.1)10.1R:Zn,R:KH2PO4,S:THF,4h,rt;rt28C9.3R:NH4Cl,S:H2O,10C9.2S:THF,40min,20C;1.25h,20C;20C10C9.1R:Ph3P+MeBr-,S:THF,0.5h,20C8.1S:THF,4h,80C7.1R:Zn,R:KH2PO4,S:H2O,S:THF,4h,rt;rt28C6.1R:Disodiumcarbonate,
本文标题:有机药物合成路线解析——镇痛药与中枢兴奋药
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-365041 .html