高考英语阅读理解说明文5篇

高考英语说明文5篇1Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustire.Itsoundsabsurd.Butayearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue(疲劳).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins(毒素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional(情绪的)attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofsittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated---thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornafteraday’swork.C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’idea?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto________.A.havesomegoodfood.B.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins2Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert（警觉）.Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects(acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon),changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.5.TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s__.A.senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.senseoftouchD.senseofsmell6.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein______.A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects7.Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthebabies’interest.8.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport3Lastnight’smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointments.”Astronomers---scientistswhostudystarsandplanets----havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,batsfrogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalscasualties(伤亡）resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhin