Unit4定语从句grammar剖析

TheAttributiveClause定语从句1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.(形容词作前置定语)她是一个漂亮的女孩。2.Hisbrotherisastudent.(代词作前置定语)他的哥哥是一名学生。3.SheisagirlcalledMary.(分词短语作后置定语)她是一个名叫Mary的女孩。4.TheboyintheclassroomisTom.(介词作后置定语)教室里的男孩是Tom。定语从句及相关概念•定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。•单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。Sheisabeautifulgirl.•短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语.SheisagirlcalledMary.•如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。1.ThegirlisMary.2.ThebeautifulgirlisMary.(单个词,前置定语)3.ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.站在那儿的女孩叫Mary.(定语从句,后置定语)1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,常紧跟被修饰的词后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的某名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。先行词:关系词:ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.主句：从句（定语从句）:ThegirlisMary.whoisstandingthere.thegirlwho翻译:站在那儿的女孩是Mary。先行词:关系词:ThebookwhichIboughtisinteresting.主句：从句（定语从句）:Thebookisinteresting.whichIbought.thebookwhich分析含有定语从句的复合句翻译:我买的这本书很有趣。先行词:关系词:Itisastorywhichhappenedlastyear.主句：从句（定语从句）:Itisastory.whichhappenedlastyear.astorywhich翻译:这是一个发生在去年的故事。先行词:关系词:TheArmytriedtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrapped.主句：从句（定语从句）:TheArmytriedtorescuethepeople.whoweretrapped.thepeoplewho翻译:军队奋力营救那些受困的人们。先行词:关系词:Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredoctors.主句：从句（定语从句）:Iknowtheboy.whoseparentsaredoctors.theboywhose翻译:我认识这个父母都是医生的男孩。•1.关系词:指引导定语从句的词。包括关系代词和关系副词.•2.关系词的作用：•1、引导作用(引导定语从句)•2、替代作用(替代先行词)•3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用关系词的使用•关系词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Ifoundabookwhichwasveryold.Ifoundsomebookswhichwereveryold.思考:定语从句中的关系词如which、who的含义是否是“哪一个”、“谁”？先行词所指关系代词在从句中充当的成分主语宾语介词+宾语定语人物whosewho/that(whom/who/that)介词+whomwhich/that(which/that)介词+whichwhoseTheboyisTom.Theboyisinblue.who/thatwho/that指代先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:Theboywho/thatisinblueisTom.•仿写:1.ThestudentisTom.Heistalkingtohisteacher.2.Themanleftwithoutsayinganything.Hesavedthechild.Thestudentwho/thatistalkingtohisteacherisTom.Themanwho/thatsavedthechildleftwithoutsayinganything.TheboyisTom.Iknowtheboy.whom/who/thatwhom/who/that指先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作宾语,可省略.分析:Theboywhom/who/thatIknowisTom.•仿写:1.ThestudentisTom.Imetthestudentinthestreetyesterday.2.ThisisMrLi.Iinvitedhimtothemeeting.Thestudent(whom/who/that)ImetinthestreetyesterdayisTom.ThisisMrLi(whom/who/that)Iinvitedtothemeeting.Thepenhasbeenfound.Thepenwaslost.which/thatwhich/that指先行词pen(物)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:Thepenwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.•仿写:1.Iliketheflowers.Theflowersaregrowninthegarden.2.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Iliketheflowerswhich/thataregrowninthegarden.Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.分析:Thestory(which/that)weheardisfunny..Thestoryisfunny.Weheardthestory(which/that)which/that指物(先行词story)，在从句中作宾语,可省略..•仿写:1.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Icookedthenoodles.2.Thefishwasnotfresh.Weboughtthefishthismorning.Thenoodles(which/that)Icookedweredelicious.Thefish(which/that)Iboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.•仿写:1.Theroomismine.Theroom’swindowfacessouth.2.Ifoundadiary.Thediary’scoverwasdusty.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.Ifoundadiarywhosecoverwasdusty.ThisistheroomTheroom’s.whosewhose指“…的”,可指某人的或某物的(此句中指先行词“房间”的)，在从句中作定语,不可省略.也可用ofwhich来替代whose,也即:Thisistheroomofwhichdoorisbroken.如此一来,关系词就变成了介词+宾语的结构了.分析:Thisistheroomwhosedoorisbroken.doorisbroken.分析:ThemantowhomshespokeisJack.ThemanisJack.Shespokethemanwhom/who/that指人whom，在从句中作介词to的宾语,在介词后不可用who/that，whom不可省略..to本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(who/that),可省略，即：Theman(Whom/who/that)shespoketoisJack.分析句子:Thehotelinwhichhelivedisexpensive.Thehotelisexpensive.Helivedthehotelwhich/that指物(which)，在从句中作介词in的宾语,在介词后不可用that，不可省略..in本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(which/that),可省略，即：Thehotel(which/that)helivedinisexpensive.只用that引导定语从句•人和物有哪一个最好(人＋物；therebe;which;thebest)•不定代词序数最高(不定代词；序数词；数词；最高级)•没有全部，只有少数任何一个．(no;all;only;few/little;any;oneof)判断用什么关系词的步骤：（1）划分主句和从句（2）锁定先行词（3）确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分（4）根据表格锁定关系词，判断有无特殊情况．注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制Thewomanwho(that)youweretalkingaboutyesterdayismymother.Tips练习题1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Isthisthefactory_______youvisitedlastyear?A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theoneA3、Isthisfactory____youvisitedlastweek?A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD4、Isthisthefactory____makestoys?A、whereB、thatC、inwhichD、theoneB5、Isthisthefactory____youwork?A、whereB、thatC、inwhichD、theoneC1.Isthisthefactorywhich/thatyouvisitedlastyear?2.Isthisfactorytheone(which/that)youvisitedlastweek?3.Isthisthefactorywhich/thatmakestoys?4.Isthisthefactoryinwhichyouwork?1.Isthisthefactorywhich/thatyouvisitedlastyear?2.Isthisfactorytheone(which/that)youvisitedlastweek?3.Isthisthefactorywhich/thatmakestoys?4.Isthisthefactoryinwhichyouwork?6、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhoD、whichB7、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB8、Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、wantB9、I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD10、Thisistheonlything_____Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC11、Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB2.定语从句的辨认与使用（尤其在翻译时）思考步骤：（1）确定主从句（2）确定先行词a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（3）确定关系代词在