中考英语语法总复习--定语从句

NewwordsThinkaboutittextLet’sdoitGrammar概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定语修饰boy先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when,why(限定性)定语从句的结构Maryisagirl.Shehaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）------替（用关系词代替舍去部分）1.Isawtheman.HeclosedthedoorIsawthemanwho/thatclosedthedoor2.Thegirlishappy.ShewontheraceThegirlwho/thatwontheraceishappy3.Themancalledthepolice.HiswalletwasstolenThemanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice二句合一关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用()然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人物who,that,whom,whosewhich或thatwho,thatwho(m),thatwhosewhich,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhichwho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并who/thatWhom/that作定语从句的宾语Thewoman（)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whom/thatwhose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlmotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语whose关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用()然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人物who,thatwhom,whosewhich或thatwho,thatwho(m),thatwhosewhich,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.用适当代关系词填空只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1)先行词为all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing等不定代词时；1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.2.Everythingthatyoutoldmeisnottrue.只能用that,不能用which的情况：(2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词等修饰时：e.g.ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.WhenRobinsonCrusoegottotheisland,thefirstthingthathedidwastolookforsomefood.只能用that,不能用which的情况：(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,theone,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时：1.TheonlypersonthatIsawyesterdayisMrWhite.2.Isittheonethatyouwant?只能用that,不能用which的情况：（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。e.g.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.e.g.1.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?2.Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。•单项选择：•1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.•A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this•2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.•A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as•3.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?•A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whomAAB•5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.•A.whichB.thatC./D.it•6.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.•A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all※7._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.•A.ThatB.WhoC.Theonewho•D.Thestudentswho注意：①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（7题）BCC7.HereissomethingIwilltellyou.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who9.Everythingyoutoldmeisnotsure.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whoseBA1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctor2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanismyuncle.whosavedtheboy’slifewhoisrunning注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。Isawawoman4.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.Theyoungmanisateacher.wholivesnextdoor3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。whosebagwasstolen/whosebagwaslost.1.关系词的确定和运用2.That和which的特殊用法