中考英语语法第6讲---被动语态育英科技 王衡老师 中考英语四轮复习法

被动语态与状态的区别被动语态基本结构（现在、过去、情态）哪些词不能用于被动被动语态与被动修饰基础知识•一、什么是被动语态？•英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。•如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。•1.定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。•2.被动语态的构成：•被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+bysb.•我打他Ibeathim.(打过了)•他被我打=他打被我Hewasbeatenbyme.•他喜欢她Helikesher.•她喜欢被他Sheislikedbyhim.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。学好被动语态的两个基础条件•一、每种时态的be动词形式。•二、不规则动词。主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)1.主+am/is/are…2.主+am/is/are+being3.主+will+be…4.主+hasbeen…1.Heisaleader.2.Heisbeinghere.3.Hewillbealeader.4.Hehasbeenaleader.主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)1.主+was/were…2.主+was/were+being3.主+would+be…4.主+hadbeen…1.Hewasaleader.2.Hewasbeingherejustnow.3.Hewouldbealeader.4.Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago.被动语态:主+be+过去分词+(bysb)1.Heeatstheapple.2.Heatetheapple.3.Heiseatingtheapple.4.Hewaseatingtheapple.5.Hewilleattheapple.6.Hewouldeattheapple.7.Hehaseatentheapple.8.Hehadeatentheapple.1.Theappleiseatenbyhim.2.Theapplewaseatenbyhim.3.Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim.4.Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim.5.Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim.6.Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim.7.Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim.8.Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim.三、情态动词的被动语态•他儿子一定照顾这个人。•Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson.•这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。•Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson.•含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。•构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+bysb.1.Youmustdothisassoonaspossible.2.Icanuseit.3.Youshouldbuyadictionary.4.Sheoughttocleanherbedroom.5.Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild.6.Wecanchangewaterintoice.1.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible(byyou).2.Itcanbeused.3.Adictionaryshouldbebought(byyou).4.Herbedroomoughttobecleaned.5.Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter(bythem).6.Watercanbechangedintoice.提高知识•一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？•1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。•这类动词或短语如：takeplace(发生)，happen(发生)，comeabout(发生)，breakout(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart等。•(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：•Fit合适,have,hold,marry结婚,own拥有,wish,cost值,notice注意,watch•agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin成功,sufferfrom受苦,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto属于•(3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,•remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn•Itsoundsgood.听起来很好。•Tellmeifyoufeelcold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。•4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。•5)当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.•二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？•不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。•常见的不及物动词有：•apologize道歉appear出现arrive到达•come来go去run跑walk走die死•fall掉落flow流淌happen发生rise升起•stay停留sit坐lie躺stand站cry哭swim游泳基础练习题•()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.•A.foundB.wasfounded•C.isfoundedD.wasfound•()2.English____inCanada.•A.speaksB.arespoken•C.isspeakingD.isspoken•()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.•A.oftensingsB.oftensang•C.isoftensangD.isoftensung•()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.•A.makesB.made•C.ismakingD.ismade•()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.•A.isusedB.areusing•C.areusedD.haveused•()6.Ourroommust___clean.•A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep•()7.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.•A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuilt•C.beenbuiltD.bebuilding•()8.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.•A.wasleftB.willbeleft•C.isleftD.hasbeenleft•()9.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.•A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing•C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished•()10.Theflowers___often.•A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater•Answers:1-5BDDDC6-10BBCAB提高练习题•1.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.•A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt•C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt•2.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.•A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshown•C.willshowD.isshown•3.Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.•A.havekeptB.arekeeping•C.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept•4.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.•-I'msorry.___.•A.itsoldB.it'sselling•C.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold•5.Thesepapers___yet.•A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten•C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten•6.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.•A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't•7.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.•A.bekeptB.beborrowed•C.keepD.borrow•8.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.•A.canmendB.canmended•C.canbemendD.canbemended•9.Tea___inthesouthofChina.(多)•A.growsB.isgrown•C.weregrownD.willgrow•10.Oldpeoplemust___.•A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafter•C.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell•11.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.•A.aretakengoodcare•B.aretakengoodcareof•C.takegoodcareof•D.takegoodcare•12.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.•A.amgivenB.wasbeengiving•C.hadgivenD.wasgiven•13.Shewill____goodcare____.•A.take;ofB.betaken;of•C.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou•14.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.•A.todoB.doC.didD.done•15.Thesechildren____dance.•A.wereseentoB.wereseenfor•C.wereseenD.sawto•16.Thebike___500yuan.•A.wascostB.costed•C.costD.iscosted•17.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.•A.washadB.washeld•C.heldD.had•18.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.•A.tookplacetoB.havetakenplace•C.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace•19.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.•A.wasbrokendownB.iswrong•C.isbadD.hasbrokendown•20.Themedicine______inadry